Evaluative conditioning (EC) research investigates changes in the evaluation of a stimulus after co-occurrence with an affective stimulus. To explain the motivation behind this research, this review begins with an overview of the history of EC research, followed by a summary of the state of the art with respect to three key questions. First, how should EC procedures be used to influence evaluation? We provide a guide based on evidence concerning the functional properties of EC effects. Second, how does the EC effect occur? We discuss the possible mediating cognitive processes and their automaticity. Third, are EC effects ubiquitous outside the lab? We discuss the evidence for the external validity of EC research. We conclude that the most important open questions pertain to the relevance of EC to everyday life and to the level of control that characterizes the processes that mediate the EC effect after people notice the stimulus co-occurrence.

中文翻译：

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评价性条件反射：过去、现在和未来

评价性条件反射（EC）研究调查与情感刺激同时发生后刺激评价的变化。为了解释这项研究背后的动机，这篇综述首先概述了 EC 研究的历史，然后总结了三个关键问题的最新技术。首先，应如何利用 EC 程序来影响评估？我们根据有关 EC 效应功能特性的证据提供指南。二、EC效应是如何产生的？我们讨论可能的中介认知过程及其自动性。第三，EC效应在实验室外是否普遍存在？我们讨论了 EC 研究的外部有效性的证据。我们得出的结论是，最重要的开放性问题涉及 EC 与日常生活的相关性，以及控制水平，该控制水平表征人们注意到刺激同时发生后介导 EC 效应的过程。