Onychomycosis is one of the most common nail diseases in adults but is described as infrequent in children. Data are, however, scattered and diverse. Studies have nevertheless suggested that the prevalence of onychomycosis is increasing in children lately and the aim of this review was therefore to examine this problem. Two authors individually searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for articles on epidemiology and prevalence of onychomycosis in children. The literature search was conducted in accordance per PRISMA guidelines. In total 1042 articles were identified of which 23 were eligible for inclusion. One of the articles presented two studies and a total of 24 studies were therefore included. Seventeen studies presented data of the prevalence of onychomycosis in children in the general population and seven studies among children visiting a dermatological and pediatric department or clinic. The prevalence ranged from 0% to 7.66% with an overall discrete increase of 0.66% during the period 1972 to 2014 in population studies (not statistically significant). This review supports a trend towards an increased prevalence of onychomycosis in children, albeit based on a paucity of studies. The data suggests an increasing prevalence of onychomycosis with age, and co-infection with tinea pedis (reported in 25% of the studies). The most common pathogen reported was Trichophyton rubrum and onychomycosis was more prevalent in toenails compared to fingernails. The general characteristics of onychomycosis in children are thus similar to those described in adults.

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儿童甲癣患病率的系统评价

甲癣是成人最常见的指甲疾病之一，但据描述在儿童中并不常见。然而，数据是分散和多样的。尽管如此，研究表明近来儿童甲癣的患病率正在增加，因此本综述的目的是研究这个问题。两位作者分别在 PubMed、Embase 和 Cochrane 图书馆中搜索了有关儿童甲癣流行病学和患病率的文章。文献检索是根据 PRISMA 指南进行的。总共确定了 1042 篇文章，其中 23 篇符合收录条件。其中一篇文章介绍了两项研究，因此总共纳入了 24 项研究。17 项研究提供了一般人群中儿童甲真菌病患病率的数据，7 项研究是在访问皮肤科和儿科部门或诊所的儿童中进行的。在人口研究中，1972 年至 2014 年期间的患病率从 0% 到 7.66% 不等，总体离散增加了 0.66%（无统计学意义）。这篇综述支持儿童甲真菌病患病率增加的趋势，尽管基于的研究很少。数据表明，随着年龄的增长，甲癣的患病率增加，并与足癣合并感染（在 25% 的研究中报告）。报告的最常见病原体是 1972 年至 2014 年期间人口研究中的 66%（无统计学意义）。这篇综述支持儿童甲真菌病患病率增加的趋势，尽管基于的研究很少。数据表明，随着年龄的增长，甲癣的患病率增加，并与足癣合并感染（在 25% 的研究中报告）。报告的最常见病原体是 1972 年至 2014 年期间人口研究中的 66%（无统计学意义）。这篇综述支持儿童甲真菌病患病率增加的趋势，尽管基于的研究很少。数据表明，随着年龄的增长，甲癣的患病率增加，并与足癣合并感染（在 25% 的研究中报告）。报告的最常见病原体是与手指甲相比，红色毛癣菌和甲癣在脚趾甲中更为普遍。因此，儿童甲癣的一般特征与成人甲真菌病的描述相似。