Kelulut honey (KH) has been proven to have excellent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties with unique physicochemical characteristics. Therefore, we investigated the isolated and combined effects of KH, metformin, or clomiphene in alleviating oxidative stress and reproductive and metabolic abnormalities in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were given 1 mg/kg/day of letrozole for 21 days to induce PCOS. PCOS rats were then divided into six treatment groups: untreated, metformin (500 mg/kg/day), clomiphene (2 mg/kg/day), KH (1 g/kg/day), combined KH (1 g/kg/day) and metformin (500 mg/kg/day), and combined KH (1 g/kg/day) and clomiphene (2 mg/kg/day). All treatments were administered orally for 35 days. The physicochemical characteristics of KH were assessed through hydroxymethylfurfural, free acidity, diastase number, moisture content, sugar profile, metals, and mineral compounds. Additionally, we determined the semivolatile organic compounds present in KH through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. KH and its combination with metformin or clomiphene were shown to improve the oestrus cycle, hormonal profile, and oxidative stress in PCOS rats. However, KH did not reduce the fasting blood glucose, insulin, and body weight gain in PCOS rats. These findings may provide a basis for future studies to discover the potential use of KH as a complementary treatment for women with PCOS.

中文翻译：

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Kelulut 蜂蜜可改善来曲唑诱导的多囊卵巢综合症大鼠的发情周期、激素分布和氧化应激


Kelulut蜂蜜（KH）已被证明具有优异的抗氧化和抗炎特性，并具有独特的理化特性。因此，我们研究了 KH、二甲双胍或克罗米芬在减轻多囊卵巢综合征 (PCOS) 氧化应激以及生殖和代谢异常方面的单独和联合作用。雌性 Sprague-Dawley (SD) 大鼠每天给予 1 mg/kg 来曲唑 21 天，以诱导 PCOS。然后将 PCOS 大鼠分为 6 个治疗组：未治疗组、二甲双胍组（500 mg/kg/天）、克罗米芬组（2 mg/kg/天）、KH（1 g/kg/天）、联合 KH（1 g/kg/天）。日）和二甲双胍（500 毫克/公斤/天），以及组合 KH（1 克/公斤/天）和克罗米芬（2 毫克/公斤/天）。所有治疗均口服给药，持续 35 天。通过羟甲基糠醛、游离酸度、淀粉酶值、水分含量、糖谱、金属和矿物质化合物评估 KH 的理化特性。此外，我们还通过气相色谱-质谱 (GC/MS) 分析测定了 KH 中存在的半挥发性有机化合物。 KH 及其与二甲双胍或克罗米芬的组合可改善 PCOS 大鼠的发情周期、激素分布和氧化应激。然而，KH 并没有降低 PCOS 大鼠的空腹血糖、胰岛素和体重增加。这些发现可能为未来的研究奠定基础，以发现 KH 作为 PCOS 女性补充治疗的潜在用途。