Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway illness. For the first time, we evaluated the proposed anti-asthmatic protective and therapeutic potency of inhaling Punica granatum juice (PJE) and peel (PPE) extract mixture (PM). Rats were challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) for 23 days and aerosolized with PM before each OVA challenge (protected group) or following the final OVA challenge for 3 days (therapeutic group). Considerable concentrations of phenolics were detected in PJE and PPE. Therefore, PM demonstrated synergistic scavenging abilities of NO and DPPH radicals. It also showed synergistic anti-inflammatory activities against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in the white blood cells by lowering the gene expression of CXCR1, CXCR2, IL-6, and IL-8. In addition, PM increased IL-10 gene expression while decreasing NO and TNF-α levels in LPS-exposed cells. Regarding the rats that were protected with PM, they exerted pulmonary pro-oxidant effects but prevented the OVA-induced upregulation of NF-κB, IKK, TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS, IL-13, and COL1A1, as well as MUC5AC and mucin over-secretion. While PM in the therapeutic group improved reactive oxygen species levels and normalized most of the investigated inflammatory and fibrotic mediators and mucin formation, but slightly improved the antioxidant indices. In addition, OVA-induced morphological alterations were massively improved after PM inhalation for short or long periods. Thus, PM inhalation prevented and treated OVA-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, while the inhalation period between 3 and 23 days needs to be optimized to acquire a better impact on the antioxidant indices.

支气管哮喘是一种慢性炎症性气道疾病。我们首次评估了吸入石榴的抗哮喘保护和治疗效力果汁 (PJE) 和果皮 (PPE) 提取混合物 (PM)。大鼠用卵清蛋白 (OVA) 攻击 23 天，并在每次 OVA 攻击（保护组）之前或在最后一次 OVA 攻击后用 PM 雾化 3 天（治疗组）。在 PJE 和 PPE 中检测到大量酚类物质。因此，PM 表现出协同清除 NO 和 DPPH 自由基的能力。它还通过降低 CXCR1、CXCR2、IL-6 和 IL-8 的基因表达，对脂多糖 (LPS) 诱导的白细胞炎症具有协同抗炎活性。此外，PM 增加 IL-10 基因表达，同时降低 LPS 暴露细胞中的 NO 和 TNF-α 水平。对于受到 PM 保护的大鼠，它们发挥了肺促氧化作用，但阻止了 OVA 诱导的 NF-κB、IKK、TNF-α、COX-2、iNOS、IL-13 和 COL1A1，以及 MUC5AC 和粘蛋白过度分泌。虽然治疗组中的 PM 改善了活性氧水平，并使大多数研究的炎症和纤维化介质以及粘蛋白形成正常化，但略微改善了抗氧化指数。此外，在短期或长期吸入 PM 后，OVA 诱导的形态学改变得到显着改善。因此，PM 吸入可预防和治疗 OVA 引起的肺部炎症和纤维化，而 3 至 23 天的吸入期需要优化以获得对抗氧化指数的更好影响。虽然治疗组中的 PM 改善了活性氧水平，并使大多数研究的炎症和纤维化介质以及粘蛋白形成正常化，但略微改善了抗氧化指数。此外，在短期或长期吸入 PM 后，OVA 诱导的形态学改变得到显着改善。因此，PM 吸入可预防和治疗 OVA 引起的肺部炎症和纤维化，而 3 至 23 天的吸入期需要优化以获得对抗氧化指数的更好影响。虽然治疗组中的 PM 改善了活性氧水平，并使大多数研究的炎症和纤维化介质以及粘蛋白形成正常化，但略微改善了抗氧化指数。此外，在短期或长期吸入 PM 后，OVA 诱导的形态学改变得到显着改善。因此，PM 吸入可预防和治疗 OVA 引起的肺部炎症和纤维化，而 3 至 23 天的吸入期需要优化以获得对抗氧化指数的更好影响。