A dynamically reprogrammable surface with self-evolving shape morphing,Nature

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A dynamically reprogrammable surface with self-evolving shape morphing
Nature ( IF 50.5 ) Pub Date : 2022-09-21 , DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05061-w
Yun Bai ₁ , Heling Wang _{2,

3,

4,

5,

6} , Yeguang Xue _{2,

3,

4} , Yuxin Pan ₁ , Jin-Tae Kim ₇ , Xinchen Ni ₇ , Tzu-Li Liu ₇ , Yiyuan Yang ₃ , Mengdi Han _{7,

8} , Yonggang Huang _{2,

3,

4,

7} , John A Rogers _{2,

3,

4,

7,

9,

10,

11,

12} , Xiaoyue Ni _{1,

7,

13}

Affiliation

Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China.
Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.

Dynamic shape-morphing soft materials systems are ubiquitous in living organisms; they are also of rapidly increasing relevance to emerging technologies in soft machines^1,2,3, flexible electronics^4,5 and smart medicines⁶. Soft matter equipped with responsive components can switch between designed shapes or structures, but cannot support the types of dynamic morphing capabilities needed to reproduce natural, continuous processes of interest for many applications^{7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24}. Challenges lie in the development of schemes to reprogram target shapes after fabrication, especially when complexities associated with the operating physics and disturbances from the environment can stop the use of deterministic theoretical models to guide inverse design and control strategies^{25,26,27,28,29,30}. Here we present a mechanical metasurface constructed from a matrix of filamentary metal traces, driven by reprogrammable, distributed Lorentz forces that follow from the passage of electrical currents in the presence of a static magnetic field. The resulting system demonstrates complex, dynamic morphing capabilities with response times within 0.1 second. Implementing an in situ stereo-imaging feedback strategy with a digitally controlled actuation scheme guided by an optimization algorithm yields surfaces that can follow a self-evolving inverse design to morph into a wide range of three-dimensional target shapes with high precision, including an ability to morph against extrinsic or intrinsic perturbations. These concepts support a data-driven approach to the design of dynamic soft matter, with many unique characteristics.

中文翻译：

具有自我进化形状变形的动态可重新编程表面

动态变形软材料系统在生物体中无处不在；它们与软机器^1,2,3、柔性电子^4,5和智能药物⁶中的新兴技术的相关性也在迅速增加。配备响应组件的软物质可以在设计的形状或结构之间切换，但不能支持为许多应用程序再现自然、连续感兴趣的过程所需的动态变形能力类型^{7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14 ,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24}. 挑战在于制定计划以在制造后重新编程目标形状，特别是当与操作物理和环境干扰相关的复杂性可能会阻止使用确定性理论模型来指导逆向设计和控制策略^{25,26,27,28, 29,30}. 在这里，我们展示了一种由丝状金属迹线矩阵构成的机械超表面，由可重新编程的分布式洛伦兹力驱动，该力在静磁场存在下电流通过。由此产生的系统展示了复杂的动态变形能力，响应时间在 0.1 秒内。使用由优化算法引导的数字控制驱动方案实施原位立体成像反馈策略产生的表面可以遵循自我进化的逆向设计，以高精度变形为各种三维目标形状，包括能力变形以抵抗外在或内在的扰动。这些概念支持数据驱动的动态软物质设计方法，具有许多独特的特征。

更新日期：2022-09-22

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