Background As a class of promising bone augmentation materials, bone cements have attracted particular attention. Due to various limitations, the current bone cements are still imperfect. In this study, an injectable pH neutral bioactive bone cement (PSC/CSC) was developed by mixing phosphosilicate bioactive glass (PSC) and α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH), with the goal of optimizing bone defects repairs. Methods A range of compositions (PSC/CSC: 10P/90C, 30P/70C, 50P/50C) were developed and their physicochemical properties evaluated. Their bone regeneration ability was compared to those of two widely used bone cements as controls (calcium phosphate cement (CPC) and Genex®) in rabbit femoral condyle bone defect models for 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Based on physicochemical properties and in vivo bone regeneration ability, the PSC/CSC exhibited the best outcomes was selected. Then, in vitro, the effects of selected PSC/CSC, CPC and Genex® extracts on MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation, migration and osteogenesis as well as angiogenesis of HUVECs were examined. Results Based on physicochemical properties, the 30P/70C formula exhibited suitable operability and compressive strength (3.5 ± 0.3 MPa), which fulfilled the requirements for cancellous bone substitutes. In vivo, findings from micro-CT and histological analyses showed that the 30P/70C formula better promoted bone regeneration, compared to 10P/90C, 50P/50C, CPC and Genex®. Hence, 30P/70C was selected as the ideal PSC-based cement. In vitro, the 30P/70C extracts showed better promotion of cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium mineral deposition, mRNA and protein expression levels of osteogenesis in MC3T3-E1 cells, further supporting its superiority. Meanwhile, the 30P/70C extracts also showed better stimulation of HUVECs proliferation and angiogenesis. Conclusion The new composite cement, 30P/70C, is a favorable bioactive glass-based bone cement with suitable operability, compressive strength and bone regeneration ability. The translational potential of this article Clinically, treatment of large bone defects is still a major challenge for orthopaedic trauma. We showed that 30P/70C has the potential to be clinically used as an injectable cement for rapid bone repairs and reconstruction of critical sized bone defects.

中文翻译：

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一种可注射的 pH 中性生物活性玻璃基骨水泥，具有合适的骨再生能力。

背景技术骨水泥作为一类很有前景的骨增强材料，受到了特别的关注。由于种种限制，目前的骨水泥尚不完善。在这项研究中，通过混合磷硅酸盐生物活性玻璃 (PSC) 和 α-半水硫酸钙 (CSH)，开发了一种可注射的 pH 中性生物活性骨水泥 (PSC/CSC)，旨在优化骨缺损修复。方法 开发了一系列组合物（PSC/CSC：10P/90C、30P/70C、50P/50C）并评估了它们的物理化学性质。在 4、8 和 12 周的兔股骨髁骨缺损模型中，将它们的骨再生能力与作为对照的两种广泛使用的骨水泥（磷酸钙水泥 (CPC) 和 Genex®）进行​​比较。基于理化性质和体内骨再生能力，选择了表现最好的 PSC/CSC。然后，在体外，检查了选定的 PSC/CSC、CPC 和 Genex® 提取物对 MC3T3-E1 细胞增殖、迁移和成骨以及 HUVEC 血管生成的影响。结果根据理化性质，30P/70C配方表现出适宜的可操作性和抗压强度（3.5±0.3 MPa），满足松质骨替代物的要求。在体内，micro-CT 和组织学分析的结果表明，与 10P/90C、50P/50C、CPC 和 Genex® 相比，30P/70C 配方更好地促进骨再生。因此，选择 30P/70C 作为理想的 PSC 基水泥。在体外，30P/70C 提取物对细胞活力、碱性磷酸酶 (ALP) 活性、钙矿物质沉积、MC3T3-E1细胞中成骨的mRNA和蛋白表达水平，进一步支持其优势。同时，30P/70C提取物对HUVECs增殖和血管生成也有较好的刺激作用。结论新型复合骨水泥30P/70C是一种良好的生物活性玻璃基骨水泥，具有良好的可操作性、抗压强度和骨再生能力。本文的转化潜力临床上，大骨缺损的治疗仍然是骨科创伤的一大挑战。我们展示了 30P/70C 有潜力在临床上用作可注射的骨水泥，用于快速骨修复和重建临界大小的骨缺损。结论新型复合骨水泥30P/70C是一种良好的生物活性玻璃基骨水泥，具有良好的可操作性、抗压强度和骨再生能力。本文的转化潜力临床上，大骨缺损的治疗仍然是骨科创伤的一大挑战。我们展示了 30P/70C 有潜力在临床上用作可注射的骨水泥，用于快速骨修复和重建临界大小的骨缺损。结论新型复合骨水泥30P/70C是一种良好的生物活性玻璃基骨水泥，具有良好的可操作性、抗压强度和骨再生能力。本文的转化潜力临床上，大骨缺损的治疗仍然是骨科创伤的一大挑战。我们展示了 30P/70C 有潜力在临床上用作可注射的骨水泥，用于快速骨修复和重建临界大小的骨缺损。