The dried Haematococcus pluvialis (H. pluvialis) powder rich in astaxanthin is widely investigated as a promising feed additive or ingredient for improving growth, health, feed efficiency, and pigmentation of aquatic animals under the controlled laboratory conditions, whereas few studies have reported its practical application efficacy in shrimp aquaculture. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the practical effects of supplementation of 3.0 g H. pluvialis kg⁻¹ diet (47.6 mg astaxanthin kg⁻¹ diet) on water quality, production performance, health status, amino acids profile, bacterial communities, and eukaryotic plankton in the pilot-scale farming of Litopenaeus vannamei. After 45-day feeding, supplemental dietary H. pluvialis significantly enhanced the harvested biomass, survival rate, feed conversion ratio, and yield of shrimp farming, with no significant impacts on water quality parameters. The hepatopancreas antioxidant capacity and muscle essential amino acids of shrimp were also improved with dietary H. pluvialis supplementation, especially the decreased malondialdehyde and the increased arginine with statistical significance. The addition of dietary H. pluvialis changed bacterial communities with the dramatical variations of dominant phyla including Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, and Actinobacteria in rearing water, shrimp intestine, and faeces. Likewise, dietary H. pluvialis significantly affected eukaryotic plankton with the decreased microalgae Picochlorum (class Trebouxiophyceae) and the increased protozoon Euplotes (family Euplotidae) in rearing water. Moreover, the correlation analysis suggested that the enhanced production performance was closely associated with the significant improvements in shrimp antioxidant status, muscle amino acid profile, and intestinal microflora composition with dietary H. pluvialis addition. This study may provide valuable information for further practical application of H. pluvialis in larger commercial-scale production of L. vannamei farming.

富含虾青素的雨生红球藻( H. pluvialis )干燥粉末被广泛研究作为一种有前途的饲料添加剂或成分，可在受控的实验室条件下改善水生动物的生长、健康、饲料效率和色素沉着，但很少有研究报道其实用性在对虾养殖中的应用效果。因此，本研究旨在评估补充 3.0 g H. pluvialis kg ^-1日粮（47.6 mg 虾青素 kg ^-1日粮）对水质、生产性能、健康状况、氨基酸谱、细菌群落和真核生物的实际影响南美白对虾试点养殖中的浮游生物. 投喂 45 天后，补充日粮H. pluvialis显着提高了虾养殖的收获生物量、成活率、饲料转化率和产量，对水质参数没有显着影响。日粮中添加雨生红孢也提高了虾的肝胰腺抗氧化能力和肌肉必需氨基酸，尤其是降低了丙二醛和增加了精氨酸，具有统计学意义。日粮H. pluvialis的添加改变了细菌群落，在饲养水、虾肠和粪便中，优势门包括变形菌、拟杆菌、蓝细菌和放线菌的显着变化。同样，饮食H. pluvialis显着影响真核浮游生物，微藻微藻（Trebouxiophyceae）减少，原生动物Euplotes （ Euplotidae科）增加。此外，相关性分析表明，增加的生产性能与虾抗氧化状态、肌肉氨基酸谱和肠道微生物群组成的显着改善密切相关，这些改善与日粮添加雨生红孢子有关。该研究可能为雨生海藻在南美白对虾大规模商业化生产中的进一步实际应用提供有价值的信息。