To examine the relationship between dietary patterns (DPs) and physical activity (PA) on bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and osteoporosis in children with stimulant use.

A cross-sectional study collected information on participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) via multistage stratified sampling. The baseline variables included the following: age, gender, the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) score, the Mediterranean diet (MD) score, and the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010). The univariate and multivariate linear-regression analyses were carried out to explore the statistical correlation between the DPs and PA on BMC and BMD in children with stimulant use or non-stimulant use. In addition, we also investigated the association between DPs and PA on osteoporosis via logistic regression analyses.

A total of 6,294 participants were eligibly enrolled in this study eventually. After adjusting age, gender, body mass index (BMI), race, family income, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and serum cotinine, the multivariate linear-regression analysis showed that the MD was positively associated with total femur BMD, total femur BMC, femoral neck BMD, and femoral neck BMC among stimulant use group; high PA was associated with total femur BMD, total femur BMC, femoral neck BMD, femoral neck BMC, lumbar spine BMD, lumbar spine BMC and osteoporosis in stimulant use group.

Improved adherence to MD, DASH, AHEI-2010 or increased physical activity may increase BMD, BMC and reduce the risk of osteoporosis; children with stimulant use should improve their adherence to the MD and do more PA compared with children without stimulant use.

研究饮食模式 (DPs) 和身体活动 (PA) 对使用兴奋剂的儿童骨矿物质含量 (BMC)、骨矿物质密度 (BMD) 和骨质疏松症的关系。

一项横断面研究收集了全国健康和营养检查调查 (NHANES) 参与者的信息通过多阶段分层抽样。基线变量包括：年龄、性别、停止高血压的饮食方法 (DASH) 评分、地中海饮食 (MD) 评分和 2010 年替代健康饮食指数 (AHEI-2010)。进行单变量和多变量线性回归分析，以探讨兴奋剂使用或非兴奋剂使用儿童 BMC 和 BMD 的 DPs 和 PA 之间的统计相关性。此外，我们还研究了 DPs 和 PA 对骨质疏松症的关系通过逻辑回归分析。

最终共有 6,294 名参与者有资格参加这项研究。调整年龄、性别、体重指数（BMI）、种族、家庭收入、血清25-羟基维生素D、血清可替宁后，多元线性回归分析显示，MD与总股骨BM​​D、总股骨BM​​C、兴奋剂使用组股骨颈骨密度和股骨颈骨密度；兴奋剂使用组高PA与总股骨BM​​D、总股骨BM​​C、股骨颈BMD、股骨颈BMC、腰椎BMD、腰椎BMC和骨质疏松症相关。

提高对 MD、DASH、AHEI-2010 的依从性或增加体力活动可能会增加 BMD、BMC 并降低骨质疏松症的风险；与未使用兴奋剂的儿童相比，使用兴奋剂的儿童应该提高他们对 MD 的依从性并做更多的 PA。