Understanding the microscopic mechanisms of thermalization in closed quantum systems is among the key challenges in modern quantum many-body physics. We demonstrate a method to probe local thermalization in a large-scale many-body system by exploiting its inherent disorder, and use this to uncover the thermalization mechanisms in a three-dimensional, dipolar-interacting spin system with tunable interactions. Utilizing advanced Hamiltonian engineering techniques to explore a range of spin Hamiltonians, we observe a striking change in the characteristic shape and timescale of local correlation decay as we vary the engineered exchange anisotropy. We show that these observations originate from the system's intrinsic many-body dynamics and reveal the signatures of conservation laws within localized clusters of spins, which do not readily manifest using global probes. Our method provides an exquisite lens into the tunable nature of local thermalization dynamics, and enables detailed studies of scrambling, thermalization and hydrodynamics in strongly-interacting quantum systems.

中文翻译：

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在 Floquet 设计的偶极系综中控制局部热化动力学

了解封闭量子系统中热化的微观机制是现代量子多体物理学的主要挑战之一。我们展示了一种通过利用其固有的无序来探测大规模多体系统中局部热化的方法，并用它来揭示具有可调相互作用的三维偶极相互作用自旋系统中的热化机制。利用先进的哈密顿工程技术来探索一系列自旋哈密顿量，我们观察到局部相关衰减的特征形状和时间尺度发生了显着变化，因为我们改变了工程交换各向异性。我们表明，这些观察源于系统内在的多体动力学，并揭示了局部自旋簇内守恒定律的特征，使用全局探针不容易体现出来。我们的方法为局部热化动力学的可调性质提供了一个精致的镜头，并能够详细研究强相互作用量子系统中的加扰、热化和流体动力学。