Introduction: Evidence suggests an association between perceived alcohol-related norms and personal consumption. These perceptions develop over years of observation and exposure to alcohol, likely beginning in early childhood, and likely differing by sex. Understanding the early development of perceptions of drinking may provide insight into the development of gendered drinking practices. The aim of this study was to explore boys’ and girls’ perceptions about men and women’s alcohol consumption and whether and how these change over time as children age. Methods: 329 children (aged 4–6 years at baseline) completed the Dutch electronic Appropriate Beverage Task annually for three consecutive years (2015 [baseline], 2016, 2017). Regression models were used to examine whether perceptions of consumption varied as a function of the gender of the adult, the participants’ sex, and any changes over time. Results: In illustrated pictures, children perceived that men (39%) drank alcoholic beverages more often than women (24%). Men were perceived to drink alcohol more frequently than women at baseline and this difference increased with age. Girls were more likely to perceive men drinking at baseline (aged 4–6), but there were few sex differences by time point three (aged 6–8). Discussion/Conclusion: From a young age, children perceive that men drink more than women. These perceptions strengthen as children grow older, with young girls perceiving these gender differences at earlier ages than boys. Understanding children’s perceptions of gendered drinking norms and their development over time can enable targeted prevention efforts.
Eur Addict Res

中文翻译：

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4 至 8 岁男性和女性的饮酒量：性别饮酒规范的纵向调查

简介：证据表明感知到的酒精相关规范与个人消费之间存在关联。这些看法是在多年的观察和接触酒精的过程中形成的，可能从儿童早期开始，并且可能因性别而异。了解饮酒观念的早期发展可能有助于深入了解性别饮酒习惯的发展。本研究的目的是探讨男孩和女孩对男性和女性饮酒的看法，以及这些看法是否会随着儿童年龄的增长而发生变化以及如何发生变化。方法：329 名儿童（基线年龄为 4-6 岁）连续三年（2015 [基线]、2016 年、2017 年）每年完成荷兰电子适当饮料任务。回归模型被用来检查消费观念是否随着成年人的性别、参与者的性别以及随时间的任何变化而变化。结果：在插图图片中，儿童认为男性 (39%) 比女性 (24%) 更常喝酒精饮料。在基线时，男性被认为比女性更频繁地饮酒，并且这种差异随着年龄的增长而增加。女孩更有可能认为男性在基线（4-6 岁）饮酒，但到时间点 3（6-8 岁）性别差异很小。讨论/结论：从很小的时候起，孩子们就认为男人比女人喝得更多。随着孩子年龄的增长，这些观念会加强，年轻女孩比男孩更早意识到这些性别差异。了解儿童对性别饮酒规范的看法及其随时间的发展可以实现有针对性的预防工作。
欧洲瘾君子研究所