The Soil & Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a useful model for evaluating socio-ecological tradeoffs and analyzing coupled natural-human system dynamics in agricultural watersheds. However, reservoir operating options in SWAT are limited. This study advances the representation of reservoir operations in SWAT by adding an option for closed-loop, multi-reservoir operating policies that can be optimized using Evolutionary Multi-Objective Direct Policy Search. This enables water managers to evaluate the tradeoffs across more coordinated reservoir operations in SWAT while capitalizing on the model's ability to physically simulate hydrological processes better than traditional reservoir simulation models. Comparing our advanced reservoir operations with SWAT's existing operating options in the Omo River basin of Ethiopia, we find a wider range of policies for managing conflicting stakeholder objectives that better compromise across them and are more robust to climate change. These advances to SWAT's reservoir module show promise for informing integrated water resources management.

土壤和水评估工具 (SWAT) 是一个有用的模型，用于评估社会生态权衡和分析农业流域中耦合的自然-人类系统动态。然而，SWAT 中的水库操作选择是有限的。本研究通过添加可使用进化多目标直接策略搜索优化的闭环、多油藏操作策略选项来推进 SWAT 中油藏操作的表示。这使水管理人员能够在 SWAT 中评估更协调的水库作业之间的权衡，同时利用模型比传统水库模拟模型更好地物理模拟水文过程的能力。将我们先进的水库作业与 SWAT 在埃塞俄比亚奥莫河流域的现有作业选项进行比较，我们发现了更广泛的政策来管理相互冲突的利益相关者目标，这些目标可以更好地妥协，并且对气候变化更加稳健。SWAT 水库模块的这些进展显示了为综合水资源管理提供信息的希望。