In this study, bare iron oxide nanochips (NCs), carbon-supported iron oxide nanochips (C@α-Fe₂O₃), and glutathione-supported C@α-Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite (Glu/C@α-Fe₂O₃) were synthesized. As-synthesized materials were inspected using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and a UV-visible absorption approach. Physical investigations confirmed the synthesis of rhombohedral phased α-Fe₂O₃, whereas FESEM certified nano-sized material formation. Voltammetry and impedance studies were used to evaluate and compare the electrochemical sensing activities. The electrochemical behavior of the Glu/C@α-Fe₂O₃ nanohybrid was investigated using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) to identify their sensitivity towards 2-nitrophenol (2-NP) and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). The stability of the square wave voltammetry SWV signals was detected in the range of 50–0.05 μM for both 2-NP and 4-NP. All electrochemical factors that influence the effectiveness of the developed sensors, including pH of the medium, accumulation time, and the influence of supporting electrolytes were thoroughly investigated. The sensor-based on our prepared electroactive material demonstrated remarkable electrocatalytic activity and good conductivity with a broad linear range, a low detection limit and high sensitivity for nitrophenol isomer reduction. We also tested the sensor for practical applications in water samples. These results showed that the suggested method could be used in the future to detect potentially dangerous environmental pollutants in water samples.

在这项研究中，裸露的氧化铁纳米芯片 (NCs)、碳负载的氧化铁纳米芯片 (C@α-Fe ₂ O ₃ ) 和谷胱甘肽负载的 C@α-Fe ₂ O ₃纳米复合材料 (Glu/C@α-Fe ₂ O ₃ ) 被合成。使用 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、场发射扫描电子显微镜 (FESEM)、能量色散 X 射线 (EDX) 和紫外-可见吸收方法检查合成材料。物理研究证实了菱面体相α-Fe ₂ O _3的合成，而 FESEM 认证了纳米级材料的形成。伏安法和阻抗研究用于评估和比较电化学传感活性。使用差分脉冲伏安法（DPV）研究了Glu/C@α-Fe ₂ O ₃纳米杂化物的电化学行为，以确定它们对2-硝基苯酚（ 2 - NP）和4-硝基苯酚（4-NP）。对于 2-NP 和 4-NP，方波伏安法 SWV 信号的稳定性在 50-0.05 μM 范围内检测到。对影响开发传感器有效性的所有电化学因素，包括介质的 pH 值、积累时间和支持电解质的影响进行了深入研究。基于我们制备的电活性材料的传感器表现出显着的电催化活性和良好的导电性，具有宽线性范围、低检测限和对硝基苯酚异构体还原的高灵敏度。我们还测试了传感器在水样中的实际应用。这些结果表明，建议的方法将来可用于检测水样中潜在危险的环境污染物。