Guangsangon E (GSE) is a natural product separated from Morus alba L. It has been reported to treat lung cancer through autophagy. However, whether GSE is effective in repressing triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells is yet to be elucidated. In the present study, GSE inhibited cell growth of MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-453, and MDA-MB-468 cells. Moreover, GSE induced mitochondrial dysfunction, including membrane potential loss, mitochondria fission, and reactive oxygen species accumulation, and finally led to mitophagy-related non-apoptotic cell death. In the xenograft tumor nude mice, GSE treatment significantly reduced the size and weight of MDA-MB-231 tumors. The tumor inhibition rates of GSE treatment were 49.68% (low-dose) and 48.73% (high-dose). In summary, GSE is a potential anticancer drug available for treating TNBC with apoptosis resistance.

中文翻译：

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光三宫 E 引发三阴性乳腺癌线粒体功能障碍和线粒体自噬，导致非凋亡性细胞死亡

Guangsangon E (GSE) 是从桑树中分离出来的天然产物L. 据报道通过细胞自噬治疗肺癌。然而，GSE 是否能有效抑制三阴性乳腺癌 (TNBC) 细胞还有待阐明。在本研究中，GSE 抑制 MDA-MB-231、MDA-MB-453 和 MDA-MB-468 细胞的生长。此外，GSE 诱导线粒体功能障碍，包括膜电位丧失、线粒体裂变和活性氧积累，最终导致线粒体自噬相关的非凋亡性细胞死亡。在异种移植肿瘤裸鼠中，GSE 治疗显着减小了 MDA-MB-231 肿瘤的大小和重量。GSE治疗的肿瘤抑制率分别为49.68%（低剂量）和48.73%（高剂量）。总之，GSE 是一种潜在的抗癌药物，可用于治疗具有凋亡抗性的 TNBC。