Recent advances in the understanding and targeting of immune checkpoints have led to great progress in immune therapies against many forms of cancer. While many types of immune checkpoints are currently targeted in the clinic, this review will focus on recent research implicating the programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis as an emerging focus for the treatment of keratinocytic tumors. PD-L1 is of particular interest in nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), as it is not only upregulated in these tumors but is stimulated by environmental ultraviolet exposure. This response may also make PD-L1 an excellent target for photochemoprevention using topically applied small molecule inhibitors. Here, we summarize recent investigations on PD-L1 expression and clinically relevant immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, as well as small molecule agents targeting PD-L1 that may be useful for clinical development aiming at treatment or prevention of NMSC.

中文翻译：

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综述：PD-L1作为治疗和预防角化细胞皮肤癌的新兴靶点


对免疫检查点的理解和靶向的最新进展导致针对多种癌症的免疫疗法取得了巨大进展。虽然目前临床上针对多种类型的免疫检查点，但本次综述将重点关注最近的研究，这些研究表明程序性细胞死亡蛋白 1/程序性死亡配体 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) 轴是治疗的新兴焦点角化细胞肿瘤。 PD-L1 在非黑色素瘤皮肤癌 (NMSC) 中特别令人感兴趣，因为它不仅在这些肿瘤中上调，而且会受到环境紫外线暴露的刺激。这种反应也可能使 PD-L1 成为使用局部小分子抑制剂进行光化学预防的绝佳靶点。在此，我们总结了最近关于皮肤鳞状细胞癌、基底细胞癌和头颈鳞状细胞癌中PD-L1表达和临床相关免疫检查点抑制剂治疗的研究，以及可能有用的针对PD-L1的小分子药物用于治疗或预防 NMSC 的临床开发。