In 2004, the Journal of Anthropological Archaeology published Julie Field’s “Environmental and climatic considerations: a hypothesis for conflict and the emergence of social complexity in Fijian prehistory”, where she combined climate and environmental data to investigate the relationship between social patterns of change in the context of variability. Field tackled a complex issue: how societies respond to climate and environmental change that could cause unpredictable impacts on subsistence and settlement systems. Much progress has been made towards the understanding of human adaptations or responses to climate change since that paper was published. Here I reflect on the issues put forth by Field and consider how archaeology can engage with other interdisciplinary sciences and contribute to the understanding of human responses to environmental change. Two topics are emphasized: climate and environmental change, and social behavior in the context of that change. When attempting to identify how climate change affects a society, it is necessary to downscale climate to the specific location in consideration (space) during the time-period during which the relevant society lived (time) and in the context of their past experiences of climate (traditional knowledge). We face an unprecedented climate crisis and archaeology can contribute to the identification of solutions.

2004 年，《人类学考古学杂志》发表了 Julie Field 的“环境和气候考虑：斐济史前冲突和社会复杂性出现的假设”，其中她将气候和环境数据结合起来研究了人类社会变化模式之间的关系。可变性的背景。菲尔德解决了一个复杂的问题：社会如何应对可能对生计和定居系统造成不可预测影响的气候和环境变化。自那篇论文发表以来，在理解人类适应或应对气候变化方面取得了很大进展。在这里，我反思了菲尔德提出的问题，并考虑考古学如何与其他跨学科科学互动，并有助于理解人类对环境变化的反应。强调了两个主题：气候和环境变化，以及在这种变化背景下的社会行为。当试图确定气候变化如何影响一个社会时，有必要在相关社会生活的时间段（时间）和他们过去的气候经验背景下，将气候缩小到所考虑的特定位置（空间） （传统知识）。我们面临着前所未有的气候危机，考古学可以帮助确定解决方案。当试图确定气候变化如何影响一个社会时，有必要在相关社会生活的时间段（时间）和他们过去的气候经验背景下，将气候缩小到所考虑的特定位置（空间） （传统知识）。我们面临着前所未有的气候危机，考古学可以帮助确定解决方案。当试图确定气候变化如何影响一个社会时，有必要在相关社会生活的时间段（时间）和他们过去的气候经验背景下，将气候缩小到所考虑的特定位置（空间） （传统知识）。我们面临着前所未有的气候危机，考古学可以帮助确定解决方案。