Despite extensive research, the understanding of human health changes that result from long-duration spaceflight remains limited, in part due to the wide range of study types and designs, lack of independent experiment replication and data dispersal in many articles. We have compiled a database from 37 health studies that reported data for 517 parameters from missions of longer than 3-month duration on the International Space Station. We found an abundance of physiological and biochemical parameters and limited psychological/behavioral in-flight data. When we compared in-flight to pre-flight data, 14 out of 40 studied measurement type categories changed significantly, whereas only 3 categories changed significantly post-flight. Collagen breakdown biomarkers in urine showed the greatest effect, a 2-fold increase in-flight, but no data in this category was reported post-flight. Eye movements related to the vestibular system function had the greatest in-flight effect that was sustained post-flight, with a decrease of 81% in-flight and a 32% decrease remained post-flight. Analysis of the in-flight compared to post-flight biochemical and physiological changes revealed overall low correlations (R² = 0.03 & R² = 0.23, respectively), as parameters tend to return to baseline post-flight. As we look to longer duration space missions, this review provides an opportunity to identify and highlight salient results that have been reported to date for long duration spaceflight, to enhance our understanding of space health and to develop effective countermeasures. We believe that the compiled data could be explored for medical interpretation of the observed changes, in-flight timeline of changes for natural history studies, correlation analysis for parameters across different body systems, and comparison of in-flight responses to ground-based studies.

尽管进行了广泛的研究，但对长期太空飞行导致的人类健康变化的理解仍然有限，部分原因是研究类型和设计范围广泛，许多文章缺乏独立的实验复制和数据分散。我们从 37 项健康研究中编制了一个数据库，这些研究报告了国际空间站持续时间超过 3 个月的任务的 517 个参数的数据。我们发现了大量的生理和生化参数以及有限的飞行中心理/行为数据。当我们将飞行中的数据与飞行前的数据进行比较时，研究的 40 个测量类型类别中有 14 个发生了显着变化，而只有 3 个类别在飞行后发生了显着变化。尿液中的胶原蛋白分解生物标志物显示出最大的效果，在飞行中增加了 2 倍，但飞行后没有报告此类数据。与前庭系统功能相关的眼球运动在飞行后具有最大的持续效应，飞行中下降了 81%，飞行后下降了 32%。与飞行后生化和生理变化相比，飞行中的分析显示总体相关性较低（R²  = 0.03 和 R ²  = 0.23，分别），因为参数往往会在飞行后返回基线。当我们着眼于更长时间的太空任务时，本次审查提供了一个机会，以识别和突出迄今为止已报告的长期太空飞行的显着结果，以增强我们对太空健康的理解并制定有效的对策。我们相信，汇编的数据可以用于对观察到的变化进行医学解释、飞行中自然史研究的变化时间表、不同身体系统参数的相关性分析以及飞行中对地面研究的反应比较。