Simultaneously achieving efficient nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal without adding external carbon source is vital for carbon-neutral wastewater treatment. In this study, a novel cross-flow honeycomb bionic microbial carrier (CF) was developed to improve the efficiency of simultaneous nitrification, denitrification, and P removal (SNDPR) in an integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) system. A parallel laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor with the commercialized microbial carriers (CM) (CM-IFAS) was performed as the comparative system for over 233 d The results demonstrated that CF-IFAS exhibited a more consistent N removal efficiency and better performance than CM-IFAS. In the CF-IFAS, the highest N and P removal efficiencies were 95.40% and 100%, respectively. Typical cycle analysis revealed that nitrate was primarily removed by the denitrifying glycogen-accumulating organisms in the CF-IFAS and by denitrifying phosphate-accumulating organisms in the CM-IFAS. The neutral community model showed that the microbial community assembly in both the reactors was driven by deterministic selection rather than stochastic factors. Compared to those in CM-IFAS, the microorganisms in CF-IFAS were more closely related to each other and had more keystone species: norank_f_norank_o_norank_c_OM190, SM1A02, Defluviicoccus, norank_f_ Saprospiraceae, and norank_f_Rhodocyclaceae. The absolute contents of the genes associated with N removal (bacterial amoA, archaeal amoA, NarG, NapA, NirS, and NirK) were higher in CF-IFAS than in CM-IFAS; the N cycle activity was also stronger in the CF-IFAS. Overall, the microecological environment differed between both systems. This study provides novel insights into the potential of bionic carriers to improve SNDPR performance by shaping microbial communities, thereby providing scientific guidance for practical engineering.

在不添加外部碳源的情况下同时实现高效的氮 (N) 和磷 (P) 去除对于碳中和废水处理至关重要。在这项研究中，开发了一种新型错流蜂窝仿生微生物载体 (CF)，以提高集成固定膜活性污泥 (IFAS) 系统中同时硝化、反硝化和除磷 (SNDPR) 的效率。将具有商业化微生物载体 (CM) (CM-IFAS) 的平行实验室规模序批式反应器作为比较系统进行了超过 233 天。结果表明，CF-IFAS 表现出比 CM 更一致的 N 去除效率和更好的性能-IFAS。在 CF-IFAS 中，最高的 N 和 P 去除效率分别为 95.40% 和 100%。典型的循环分析表明，硝酸盐主要被 CF-IFAS 中的反硝化糖原积累生物体和 CM-IFAS 中的反硝化磷酸盐积累生物体去除。中性群落模型表明，两个反应器中的微生物群落组装是由确定性选择而非随机因素驱动的。与CM-IFAS中的微生物相比，CF-IFAS中的微生物之间的亲缘关系更密切，关键物种也更多：norank_f_norank_o_norank_c_OM190、SM1A02、Defluviicoccus、norank_f_ Saprospiraceae和norank_f_Rhodocyclaceae。CF-IFAS 中与 N 去除相关的基因（细菌 amoA、古细菌 amoA、NarG、NapA、NirS 和 NirK）的绝对含量高于 CM-IFAS；N循环活性在CF-IFAS中也更强。总体而言，两个系统之间的微生态环境不同。这项研究为仿生载体通过塑造微生物群落来提高SNDPR性能的潜力提供了新的见解，从而为实际工程提供了科学指导。