Membrane contact sites (MCSs) mediate crucial physiological processes in eukaryotic cells, including ion signaling, lipid metabolism, and autophagy. Dysregulation of MCSs is closely related to various diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), neurodegenerative diseases, and cancers. Visualization, proteomic mapping and manipulation of MCSs may help the dissection of the physiology and pathology MCSs. Recent technical advances have enabled better understanding of the dynamics and functions of MCSs. Here we present a summary of currently known functions of MCSs, with a focus on optical approaches to visualize and manipulate MCSs, as well as proteomic mapping within MCSs.

中文翻译：

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膜接触位点的蛋白质组学作图和光遗传学操作

膜接触位点 (MCS) 介导真核细胞中的关键生理过程，包括离子信号传导、脂质代谢和自噬。MCSs的失调与多种疾病密切相关，如2型糖尿病（T2DM）、神经退行性疾病和癌症。MCS 的可视化、蛋白质组图谱和操作可能有助于解剖生理学和病理学 MCS。最近的技术进步使人们能够更好地理解 MCS 的动力学和功能。在这里，我们总结了目前已知的 MCS 功能，重点是可视化和操作 MCS 的光学方法，以及 MCS 内的蛋白质组学映射。