Fossil-fueled heating in the building sector is responsible for 16 % of Germany's total CO₂ emissions. Options for the climate-neutral heating of buildings include renewable electricity or renewable hydrogen. In this paper, we conduct a bottom-up study to investigate the role of hydrogen in the climate-neutral energy supply of ten selected residential buildings in comparison to electricity-based systems. Based on a demand simulation and linear optimization of the supply system, sensitivity analyses identify the threshold values of the hydrogen price for the use of hydrogen technologies (hydrogen boilers or fuel cells) in building energy systems and make the quantities of hydrogen consumed visible.

The results specify the first installations of hydrogen-operated fuel cells in multi-family houses if the hydrogen price reaches 0.17 €/kWh_H2 in 2050 at an electricity price of 0.31 €/kWh_el. Generally, for different building types and electricity supply prices, it indicates that the use of hydrogen becomes economically-viable if the price of hydrogen supply is in the range of 34–61 % of the price of the electricity supply per kWh and below.

For the case of green hydrogen obtained using renewable electricity, it is highly questionable whether hydrogen supply will be that much cheaper than direct electricity supply, making its economical use in buildings uncertain.

建筑行业的化石燃料供暖占德国 CO ₂总排放量的 16%。建筑物气候中性供暖的选择包括可再生电力或可再生氢。在本文中，我们进行了一项自下而上的研究，以调查氢在十个选定住宅建筑的气候中性能源供应中的作用，并与基于电力的系统进行比较。基于供应系统的需求模拟和线性优化，敏感性分析确定了在建筑能源系统中使用氢技术（氢锅炉或燃料电池）的氢价格阈值，并使氢消耗量可见。

 结果表明，如果氢价格在 2050 年达到 0.17欧元/kWh _H2，电价为 0.31 欧元/kWh _el，则首次在多户住宅中安装氢燃料电池。一般来说，对于不同的建筑类型和电力供应价格，如果氢气供应价格在每千瓦时电力供应价格的 34-61% 及以下，则表明氢气的使用在经济上是可行的。

对于使用可再生电力获得绿色氢的情况，氢供应是否会比直接供电便宜得多，这使得其在建筑物中的经济使用不确定性是非常值得怀疑的。