Globally, water-saving irrigation plays a vital role in agricultural ecosystems to achieve sustainable food production under climate change. Irrigation under mulch (IUM) system has been widely used in modern agricultural ecosystems due to its high water use efficiency, but it remains unclear how each component of the water and energy processes responds to this agricultural management practice. Current modeling approaches are inadequate in investigating the impacts of IUM management on water-energy balance, which have shown more complicated than non-mulched management. Therefore, this study provided an explicit simulation of water and energy fluxes in IUM system using a process-oriented ecosystem model—CoupModel and the three years of the eddy covariance (EC) measurements. Based on Monte Carlo and the multiple model performance evaluation criteria, most of the model sensitive parameters were well constrained and 32 potentially important parameters, e.g., i_scovevap, the fraction of mulch coverage, were identified to characterize the impacts of plastic mulching on energy balance and water transport. After proper calibration, the coefficient of determination (R²) for measured and simulated soil temperature (T) and soil water content (SWC) was 0.79 and 0.60, respectively, and the R² for T and SWC during the validation period were 0.91 and 0.71, respectively. Furthermore, we found that there was a strong coupling between the parameters of the water and energy processes, which would restrict the simulation results due to the correlation between the parameters and the evaluation indices. This study presented a systematic model parameters calibration in the agricultural ecosystem implemented with IUM and provided with a more comprehensive understanding of the water and energy balance in cropland. These results would help agricultural model development with more detailed considerations of the water-saving management.

在全球范围内，节水灌溉在农业生态系统中发挥着至关重要的作用，以实现气候变化下的可持续粮食生产。覆盖下灌溉 (IUM) 系统由于其高用水效率已广泛用于现代农业生态系统，但尚不清楚水和能源过程的每个组成部分如何响应这种农业管理实践。目前的建模方法不足以研究 IUM 管理对水能平衡的影响，这比非覆盖管理更复杂。因此，本研究使用面向过程的生态系统模型——CoupModel 和三年的涡度协方差 (EC) 测量，对 IUM 系统中的水和能量通量进行了明确的模拟。基于蒙特卡洛和多模型性能评价标准，_scovevap是覆盖率的一部分，被确定为表征塑料覆盖对能量平衡和水运输的影响。经过适当校准后，测量和模拟的土壤温度（T）和土壤含水量（SWC）的决定系数（R ^{2 ）分别为0.79和0.60，R 2}验证期间的 T 和 SWC 分别为 0.91 和 0.71。此外，我们发现水和能量过程的参数之间存在强耦合，由于参数与评价指标之间的相关性，这将限制模拟结果。本研究提出了使用 IUM 实施的农业生态系统中的系统模型参数校准，并提供了对农田水和能量平衡的更全面的了解。这些结果将有助于农业模型开发，更详细地考虑节水管理。