ABSTRACT

The devastating economic and public health consequences caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have prompted outstanding efforts from the scientific community and pharmaceutical companies to develop antibody-based therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. Those efforts are encouraging and fruitful. An unprecedentedly large number of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting a large spectrum of epitopes on the spike protein has been developed in the last two years. The development of structural biology, especially the cryo-EM technology, provides structural insights into the molecular neutralizing mechanisms of those mAbs. Moreover, neutralizing antibodies are essential in protecting host from infection. Therefore, understanding the antibody neutralizing mechanism is critical for optimizing effective antibody-based therapeutics and developing next-generation pan-coronavirus vaccines. This review summarizes the latest understanding of antibody neutralizing mechanisms against SARS-CoV-2 at the molecular and structural levels.

摘要

COVID-19 大流行造成的毁灭性经济和公共卫生后果促使科学界和制药公司做出了杰出的努力，以开发针对 SARS-CoV-2 的抗体疗法。这些努力是令人鼓舞和富有成果的。在过去两年中，针对刺突蛋白上大量表位的单克隆抗体 (mAb) 数量空前巨大。结构生物学的发展，尤其是冷冻电镜技术，为这些 mAb 的分子中和机制提供了结构性见解。此外，中和抗体对于保护宿主免受感染至关重要。所以，了解抗体中和机制对于优化基于抗体的有效疗法和开发下一代泛冠状病毒疫苗至关重要。本综述总结了分子和结构水平上对 SARS-CoV-2 抗体中和机制的最新认识。