Modern high input–based intensive cropping systems often lead to the deterioration of the soil environment, which is one of the main driving factors for the build-up of soil-borne pathogens. However, soil chemical properties are complex and variable, and it is important to clarify the main factors driving soil-borne pathogens. In this study, meta-analysis and field experiment were used to determine the key soil chemical factors affecting soil-borne diseases. Our data demonstrated that a decrease in the soil pH was the key soil chemical factor that aggravated soil-borne diseases. Among the complex soil chemical factors, the increase in available nitrogen (AN) caused by excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer and the accumulation of phenolic acids were the main driving factors for the decrease in the soil pH value. Field experiments on Panax notoginseng, which is susceptible to nitrogen and suffers from serious soil-borne disease, showed that a high level of AN (≥350 mg kg⁻¹) in soil caused by overuse of nitrogen fertilizer could decrease the pH and aggravate soil-borne disease. However, exogenous quicklime (600–1200 kg hm⁻²), calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (600–1200 kg hm⁻²), and organic fertilizer (1050–1500 kg hm⁻²) in acidic soil could effectively increase the soil pH value and alleviate soil-borne disease. Our results highlight that soil-borne disease can be aggravated by overuse of nitrogen fertilizer and can be alleviated by modifying soil to a suitable pH level.

现代以高投入为基础的集约化种植系统往往导致土壤环境恶化，这是土壤传播病原体积累的主要驱动因素之一。然而，土壤化学性质复杂多变，弄清驱动土壤传播病原体的主要因素很重要。本研究通过荟萃分析和田间试验确定影响土传病害的关键土壤化学因素。我们的数据表明，土壤 pH 值的降低是加重土传病害的关键土壤化学因素。在复杂的土壤化学因素中，过量施用氮肥导致的有效氮（AN）增加和酚酸的积累是土壤pH值降低的主要驱动因素。现场实验三七对氮敏感并患有严重的土传病害，研究表明过度使用氮肥导致土壤中高水平的AN（≥350 mg kg ^-1 ）会降低pH值并加剧土传病害. 但酸性土壤中外源生石灰（ 600~1200 kg hm ^-2 ）、钙镁磷肥（600~1200 kg hm ^-2 ）和有机肥（1050~1500 kg hm ^-2）可有效提高土壤pH值并减轻土传病害。我们的研究结果强调，过度使用氮肥会加重土传病害，而通过将土壤调整到合适的 pH 值可以缓解这种病害。