Several studies have investigated factors guiding children's decisions when learning from others, although less is known about factors that govern children's decisions when they transfer knowledge to others. Here we asked whether children would privilege ingroup members when teaching and, if so, whether this tendency would persist when transferring different kinds of information (conventional norms vs. moral norms). In Experiment 1 (N = 24), we first replicated ingroup preference based on minimal group membership with 5- and 6-year-old Turkish children. In Experiment 2 (N = 64), we examined whether children would consider group membership and the type of knowledge to be transferred in their teaching intentions. Children were introduced to two ignorant targets differing in their group membership and were asked to choose one or both of these targets to teach conventional or moral norms. Children were more likely to choose ingroup members for teaching conventional norms and both members when teaching moral norms. Further, this trend was particularly evident among girls. These results suggest that children make flexible teaching decisions considering the social attributes of the learners and raise interesting questions regarding the mechanisms underlying children's information transfer. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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儿童打算有选择地向群体成员传授传统而非道德规范。

几项研究调查了指导儿童向他人学习时做出决定的因素，尽管对儿童在将知识转移给他人时决定的因素知之甚少。在这里，我们询问儿童在教学时是否会优先考虑群体成员，如果是，这种倾向在传递不同类型的信息（传统规范与道德规范）时是否会持续存在。在实验 1 (N = 24) 中，我们首先对 5 岁和 6 岁的土耳其儿童进行了基于最小群体成员的群体内偏好。在实验 2 (N = 64) 中，我们考察了儿童是否会在他们的教学意图中考虑团体成员身份和要转移的知识类型。孩子们被介绍给两个不同的群体成员的无知目标，并被要求选择其中一个或两个目标来教授传统或道德规范。儿童更有可能选择组内成员来教授传统规范，而在教授道德规范时则选择双方成员。此外，这种趋势在女孩中尤为明显。这些结果表明，儿童会根据学习者的社会属性做出灵活的教学决策，并提出有关儿童信息传递机制的有趣问题。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。这种趋势在女孩中尤为明显。这些结果表明，儿童会根据学习者的社会属性做出灵活的教学决策，并提出有关儿童信息传递机制的有趣问题。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。这种趋势在女孩中尤为明显。这些结果表明，儿童会根据学习者的社会属性做出灵活的教学决策，并提出有关儿童信息传递机制的有趣问题。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。