We compare how non-financial government support, versus knowledge gained through exporting, supports innovation in Vietnamese small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Analysis of panel data of 1,018 SMEs shows that government support for staff training and technological development quality increases the likelihood of product and process innovation. Resource slack mediates the relationship between these non-financial government support measures and innovation, thus pointing to the importance of underutilized resources to enable the use of external sources of knowledge. Therefore, these policy measures are more efficient for emerging-market SMEs that can incorporate them. The negative moderation effect of exporting in the relationship between non-financial government support and process innovation suggests that policy-makers should limit the use of non-financial support when they design exporting policies for emerging-market SMEs.

中文翻译：

---

政府支持与国际知识：调查新兴市场中小企业的创新

我们比较了非金融政府支持与通过出口获得的知识如何支持越南中小企业 (SME) 的创新。对 1,018 家中小企业的面板数据分析表明，政府对员工培训和技术开发质量的支持增加了产品和流程创新的可能性。资源松弛调节了这些非金融政府支持措施与创新之间的关系，从而表明未充分利用的资源对于利用外部知识来源的重要性。因此，这些政策措施对于能够纳入其中的新兴市场中小企业来说更加有效。出口在非金融政府支持与流程创新之间关系中的负调节效应表明，政策制定者在为新兴市场中小企业设计出口政策时应限制非金融支持的使用。