The shrimp industry in Bangladesh is an important economic sector with growing demand, export potential, and employment opportunities. However, the industry is threatened by external and local production and market risks. Risk management strategies can be implemented through farming systems modification developing of different types of shrimp and prawn-based systems, although the adaptive capacity and economic and socio-ecological impacts are unclear. This study evaluated risks, adaptation strategies, profitability, and socio-ecological dynamics in two shrimp-based (shrimp/shrimp/shrimp and wet season (WS) rice/shrimp/shrimp) and two prawn-based (prawn/dry season (DS) rice/prawn and prawn/DS rice/prawn/dike crops) farming systems. Data was collected using focus group discussions (n = 45), household case studies (n = 18), household surveys (n = 120), and key informant interviews (n = 20). Major risks identified included disease outbreaks, lack of tidal water, salinisation, heat extremes, irregular and reduced rainfall, and price fluctuations. Agronomic management (modifying production systems, adjusting farming operations, input applications, dike cropping) was the dominant adaptation strategy in addition to financial mechanisms (market update, selling live stocks and inputs credits), gher management (water management, excavation, dike management) and water management. Adverse socio-ecological impacts of shrimp farming included salinisation, biodiversity loss, soil and water contamination, and reduced crop and livestock production. In contrast, positive impacts of prawn farming included crop diversification and livestock production and decreased salinisation, soil degradation, and biodiversity loss. Despite higher production costs, prawn-based systems generated net income nearly three times higher (USD 3410 to 4470) as compared to shrimp-based systems (USD 1570 to 1790) because dike crops added about 25% extra income. A critical insight of the research is that the prawn-based systems (prawn/DS rice/prawn/dike crop and prawn/DS rice/prawn) were economically more viable (profitable and less risky) than the shrimp-based system. However, neither the shrimp nor prawn system is feasible in all locations. Improved and semi-intensive shrimp farming in high salinity areas with available tidal water and an integrated prawn-based farming system in low to moderate salinity areas can be a viable agricultural land use planning in southwest coastal Bangladesh. This research can contribute to sustainable land use planning for brackish water shrimp and fresh water prawns, and planning to increase the profitability, risk resilience and competitiveness of the shrimp- and prawn-based farming systems with less socioecological impacts.

孟加拉国的虾产业是一个重要的经济部门，需求、出口潜力和就业机会不断增长。然而，该行业受到外部和本地生产和市场风险的威胁。风险管理战略可以通过养殖系统改造来实施，开发不同类型的虾和以虾为基础的系统，尽管适应能力以及经济和社会生态影响尚不清楚。本研究评估了两种虾类（虾/虾/虾和雨季 (WS) 水稻/虾/虾）和两种虾类（虾/旱季 (DS) 的风险、适应策略、盈利能力和社会生态动态） ) 稻米/对虾和对虾/DS 稻米/对虾/堤坝作物）养殖系统。通过焦点小组讨论收集数据（n = 45)、家庭案例研究 ( n  = 18)、家庭调查 ( n  = 120) 和关键线人访谈 ( n  = 20)。确定的主要风险包括疾病爆发、缺乏潮汐水、盐碱化、极端高温、降雨不规律和减少以及价格波动。除了金融机制（市场更新、出售牲畜和投入品信贷）外，农艺管理（修改生产系统、调整农业经营、投入应用、堤防种植）是主要的适应策略，gher管理（水管理、挖掘、堤防管理）和水管理。养虾业的不利社会生态影响包括盐碱化、生物多样性丧失、土壤和水污染以及作物和牲畜产量减少。相比之下，对虾养殖的积极影响包括作物多样化和畜牧生产以及减少盐碱化、土壤退化和生物多样性丧失。尽管生产成本较高，但与以虾为基础的系统（1570 至 1790 美元）相比，以虾为基础的系统产生的净收入（3410 美元至 4470 美元）几乎高出三倍，因为堤坝作物增加了约 25% 的额外收入。该研究的一个重要见解是，以虾为基础的系统（虾/DS 水稻/虾/堤坝作物和虾/DS 水稻/虾）比虾基系统在经济上更可行（有利可图且风险更低）。然而，虾和对虾系统都不是在所有地方都可行的。在具有可用潮汐水的高盐度地区改进和半集约化养虾业，在中低盐度地区建立以对虾为基础的综合养殖系统，可以成为孟加拉国西南沿海地区可行的农业土地利用规划。这项研究可以为咸水虾和淡水虾的可持续土地利用规划做出贡献，并计划在社会生态影响较小的情况下提高以虾和对虾为基础的养殖系统的盈利能力、风险抵御能力和竞争力。在具有可用潮汐水的高盐度地区改进和半集约化养虾业，在中低盐度地区建立以对虾为基础的综合养殖系统，可以成为孟加拉国西南沿海地区可行的农业土地利用规划。这项研究可以为咸水虾和淡水虾的可持续土地利用规划做出贡献，并计划在社会生态影响较小的情况下提高以虾和对虾为基础的养殖系统的盈利能力、风险抵御能力和竞争力。在具有可用潮汐水的高盐度地区改进和半集约化养虾业，在中低盐度地区建立以对虾为基础的综合养殖系统，可以成为孟加拉国西南沿海地区可行的农业土地利用规划。这项研究可以为咸水虾和淡水虾的可持续土地利用规划做出贡献，并计划在社会生态影响较小的情况下提高以虾和对虾为基础的养殖系统的盈利能力、风险抵御能力和竞争力。