ABSTRACT

This first pan-regional analysis of civil society organizations’ perspectives on the contemporary situation of human rights defenders (HRDs) in the Commonwealth of Independent States uses United Nations’ Universal Periodic Review (UPR) data and reveals a shrinking civil space as HRDs face a raft of rights pathologies, including threats, violence and murder. Their work is curtailed by increasing state restrictions on freedom of association and expression. The analysis reveals how women HRDs are particularly subject to discrimination and gender-based oppression. The malaise is compounded by impunity for offenders, corruption and government inaction following earlier UPR recommendations. The findings are theorized with reference to Weissbrodt’s causal typology and Hollyer and Rosendorf’s model of authoritarian government treaty accession.

摘要

这是对民间社会组织对独立国家联合体人权维护者 (HRD) 当代状况的看法的首次跨区域分析，使用了联合国普遍定期审议 (UPR) 数据，并揭示了随着人权维护者面临一系列权利病态，包括威胁、暴力和谋杀。由于国家对结社和言论自由的限制越来越多，他们的工作受到限制。分析揭示了女性人权捍卫者如何特别受到歧视和基于性别的压迫。违法者有罪不罚、腐败以及政府在此前普遍定期审议建议后不采取行动，加剧了这种不安。这些发现是参考魏斯布罗德的因果类型学以及霍利尔和罗森多夫的威权政府条约加入模型进行理论化的。