This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effect of oral administration of Caesalpinia coriaria Jacq (Cascalote) wild fruit extract to lambs on ruminal methane, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide production and in vitro fermentation profile. Rumen liquor (RL) was collected from lambs administered with 0- (RL0), 30- (RL30), and 60- (RL60) mL of aqueous extract of the C. coriaria fruit for 60 days per lamb, as well as during incubation, 0-, 0.6-, 1.2-, and 1.8- mL of C. coriaria fruit extract was added to each RL type. There was a dose-dependent increase in gas production with increasing levels of C. coriaria extract. The RL30 lambs had the lowest (P = 0.013) methane output (g CH₄/kg DM) at 24 h, and RL30 with 1.8 mL/g DM had the lowest (P = 0.031) CH₄ (g CH₄/kg DM) at 48 h. Furthermore, diets fermented with RL0 produced the highest (P = 0.001) short-chain fatty acid (SCFA, mmol/g DM) and metabolizable energy (ME, MJ/kg DM 24 h), while diets incubated with RL30 produced the lowest. Without plant extract addition, 30 mL oral supplementation of C. coriaria fruit extract/day/lamb was optimal for digestion, ME, and SCFA. Therefore, 60 mL/d/lamb containing 1.2–1.8 mL fruit extract/g DM seemed to be a feasible means of decreasing emissions of gas production, ME, SCFA, CO, H₂S, and CH₄.

Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

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长期补充胡杨果实提取物对绵羊瘤胃甲烷、一氧化碳和硫化氢产生的影响

本研究旨在评估向羔羊口服Caesalpinia coriaria Jacq (Cascalote) 野果提取物对瘤胃甲烷、一氧化碳和硫化氢产生和体外发酵曲线的长期影响。瘤胃液 (RL) 从用 0- (RL0)、30- (RL30) 和 60- (RL60) mL 的C. coriaria果实水提取物给药 60 天以及在孵化期间的羔羊身上收集将 0-、0.6-、1.2- 和 1.8- mL 的C. coriaria果实提取物添加到每种 RL 类型中。随着C. coriaria提取物水平的增加，气体产量呈剂量依赖性增加。RL30 羔羊的甲烷输出量最低 ( P  = 0.013) (g CH ₄/kg DM) 在 24 h 时，RL30 与 1.8 mL/g DM在 48 h 时具有最低 ( P  = 0.031) CH ₄ (g CH _{4 /kg DM)。}此外，用 RL0 发酵的日粮产生最高的 ( P  = 0.001) 短链脂肪酸 (SCFA, mmol/g DM) 和代谢能 (ME, MJ/kg DM 24 h)，而用 RL30 培养的日粮产生的最低。在不添加植物提取物的情况下，每天/羊肉口服 30 mL C. coriaria果实提取物对消化、ME 和 SCFA 是最佳的。因此，含有 1.2-1.8 mL 水果提取物/g DM 的 60 mL/d/羊肉似乎是减少气体生产、ME、SCFA、CO、H ₂ S 和 CH ₄排放的可行方法。

图形概要