The recent serious cases of spreading false information have posed a significant threat to the social stability and even national security, urgently requiring all circles to respond adequately. Therefore, this survey illustrates how to fight against false information from its propagation process by (1) exploring the drivers of information infectivity from the content, media, user, structural, and temporal dimensions; (2) describing the propagation modeling approaches from macro (global), meso (community), and micro (individual) levels; and (3) discussing the governance strategies from both technical and application aspects. The potential data sources and the future directions of fighting are also given, hoping to facilitate more comprehensive solutions.

近期发生的散布虚假信息的严重案件，对社会稳定乃至国家安全构成重大威胁，迫切需要各界作出充分应对。因此，本次调查通过（1）从内容、媒体、用户、结构和时间维度探索信息感染力的驱动因素，说明如何从传播过程中打击虚假信息；(2) 从宏观（全球）、中观（社区）和微观（个人）层面描述传播建模方法；(3) 从技术和应用两个方面讨论治理策略。也给出了潜在的数据来源和未来的战斗方向，希望能促成更全面的解决方案。