In massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, the substantial increase in the number of antennas leads to a surge in hardware cost and power consumption. Meanwhile, the impact of IQ imbalance (IQI) on system performance also tends to be serious. In this paper, closed-form expressions for the achievable rates of maximum-ratio combining (MRC) receivers are derived for uplink massive MIMO systems with both low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and IQI. Based on the derived closed-form expression, the influence of system parameters on the achievable rate is analyzed. The simulation results verify the accuracy of the theoretical results. It is found that low-resolution ADC and IQI will degrade the achievable rate compared with employing high resolution ADCs, but this loss can be compensated for by increasing the number of base station (BS) antennas, so as to significantly increase the energy efficiency.

在大规模多输入多输出（MIMO）系统中，天线数量的大幅增加导致硬件成本和功耗的激增。同时，IQ不平衡（IQI）对系统性能的影响也趋于严重。在本文中，针对具有低分辨率模数转换器 (ADC) 和 IQI 的上行链路大规模 MIMO 系统，推导出了最大比合并 (MRC) 接收机的可实现速率的封闭式表达式。基于导出的闭式表达式，分析了系统参数对可达率的影响。仿真结果验证了理论结果的准确性。发现与采用高分辨率 ADC 相比，低分辨率 ADC 和 IQI 会降低可实现的速率，