As the dimensions of a material shrink from an extended bulk solid to a nanoscale structure, size and quantum confinement effects become dominant, altering the properties of the material. Materials with nanoscale curved geometries, such as rolled-up nanomembranes and zigzag-shaped nanowires, have recently been found to exhibit a number of intriguing electronic and magnetic properties due to shape-driven modifications of charge motion or confinement effects. Local strain generated by curvature can also lead to changes in material properties due to electromechanical coupling. Here we review the development of electronic materials with nanoscale curved geometries. We examine the origin of shape-, confinement- and strain-induced effects and explore how to exploit these in electronic, spintronic and superconducting devices. We also consider the methods required to synthesize and characterize curvilinear nanostructures, and highlight key areas for the future development of curved electronics.

随着材料的尺寸从扩展的块状固体缩小到纳米级结构，尺寸和量子限制效应变得占主导地位，从而改变了材料的特性。由于电荷运动或限制效应的形状驱动修改，最近发现具有纳米级弯曲几何形状的材料，例如卷起的纳米膜和锯齿形纳米线，表现出许多有趣的电子和磁性。由于机电耦合，曲率产生的局部应变也会导致材料特性的变化。在这里，我们回顾了具有纳米级弯曲几何形状的电子材料的发展。我们研究了形状、约束和应变诱导效应的起源，并探索如何在电子、自旋电子和超导器件中利用这些效应。