Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease associated with cartilage degradation, osteophyte formation, and fibrillation. Autologous Protein Solution (APS), a type of autologous anti-inflammatory orthobiologic, is used for pain management and treatment of OA. Various compositions of autologous PRP formulations are in clinical use for musculoskeletal pathologies, by nature of their minimal processing and source of bioactive molecules. Currently, there is no consensus on the optimal composition of the complex mixture. In this study, we focused on elucidating the immune cell subtypes and phenotypes in APS. We identified the immune cell types in APS from healthy donors and investigated phenotypic changes in the immune cells after APS processing. Based on flow cytometric analysis, we found that neutrophils and T cells are the most abundant immune cell types in APS, while monocytes experience the largest fold change in concentration compared to WBCs. Gene expression profiling revealed that APS processing results in differential gene expression changes dependent on immune cell type, with the most significantly differentially regulated genes occurring in the monocytes. Our results demonstrate that the mechanical processing of blood, whose main purpose is enrichment and separation, can alter its protein and cellular composition, as well as cellular phenotypes in the final product.

中文翻译：

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自体蛋白溶液处理改变淋巴和骨髓细胞群并根据细胞类型调节基因表达

骨关节炎 (OA) 是一种与软骨退化、骨赘形成和纤维颤动相关的退行性疾病。自体蛋白溶液 (APS) 是一种自体抗炎骨科生物制剂，用于疼痛管理和 OA 治疗。自体 PRP 制剂的各种组合物因其最小加工和生物活性分子来源的性质而在临床上用于肌肉骨骼病理学。目前，对于复杂混合物的最佳组成尚未达成共识。在这项研究中，我们重点阐明 APS 中的免疫细胞亚型和表型。我们鉴定了来自健康供体的 APS 中的免疫细胞类型，并研究了 APS 处理后免疫细胞的表型变化。基于流式细胞术分析，我们发现中性粒细胞和 T 细胞是 APS 中最丰富的免疫细胞类型，而单核细胞与 WBC 相比，浓度变化最大。基因表达谱显示，APS 处理会导致差异基因表达变化，具体取决于免疫细胞类型，其中最显着差异调节的基因出现在单核细胞中。我们的结果表明，血液的机械处理（其主要目的是富集和分离）可以改变其蛋白质和细胞组成以及最终产品中的细胞表型。