Background: Stress is a natural automatic reaction of organisms to challenging or threatening stimuli. Prevalence rates reveal an increasing number of students both in elementary and secondary education suffering from anxiety and stress-related disorders and illnesses. Literature shows a plethora of stress management techniques being used with children and adults to achieve stress reduction and inner peace. This review primarily aims in summarizing evidence-based relaxation techniques in use by minors in the present, contrasting them with data from the past, and directions for the future. Summary: Literature research revealed a plethora of stress management techniques, including breathing practices or breathing exercises, meditation, guided imaginary, clinical hypnosis, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), behavioral therapy, third wave therapies, interpersonal therapies, progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), autogenic training, biofeedback training, and mindfulness that are deemed effective to treat stress and a variety of stress-related disorders such as anxiety disorders, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), headaches, abdominal pain, perioperative anxiety and postoperative pain, cancer, and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). These evidence-based stress management techniques have are employed successfully in various settings such as schools, waiting rooms, dental offices and inpatient settings. Key Messages: Stress management techniques used by children and adolescents are important to reduce anxiety, stress, and depressive symptoms, improve social skills, reduce stress-related physical pain, and achieve academic improvement across settings and diagnoses.


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儿童和青少年的压力管理方法——过去、现在和未来

背景：应激是生物体对挑战性或威胁性刺激的自然自动反应。患病率表明，越来越多的中小学学生患有焦虑症和与压力有关的障碍和疾病。文献表明，儿童和成人使用了大量的压力管理技术来减轻压力和内心平静。本综述的主要目的是总结当前未成年人使用的基于证据的放松技巧，将它们与过去的数据进行对比，以及未来的方向。摘要：文献研究揭示了过多的压力管理技术，包括呼吸练习或呼吸练习、冥想、引导想象、临床催眠、认知行为疗法 (CBT)、行为疗法、第三波疗法、人际关系疗法、渐进式肌肉放松 (PMR)、自体训练、生物反馈训练和正念被认为可有效治疗压力和各种与压力相关的疾病，例如焦虑症、抑郁症、创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD)、强迫症-强迫症 (OCD)、头痛、腹痛、围手术期焦虑和术后疼痛、癌症和 ADHD（注意缺陷多动障碍）。这些基于证据的压力管理技术已成功应用于各种环境，例如学校、候诊室、牙科诊所和住院环境。关键信息：儿童和青少年使用的压力管理技术对于减少焦虑、压力和抑郁症状、提高社交技能、减少与压力相关的身​​体疼痛、