Youth with CHD are at greater risk for neurodevelopmental disorders compared to healthy controls. The aetiology is multi-factorial but includes medical and demographic factors. We sought to characterise the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in patients with CHD. Our population included 206 patients with CHD, aged 3–21, who were referred for neuropsychological evaluation. Neurodevelopmental diagnoses were determined by a licensed psychologist. Rates of neurodevelopmental diagnoses were compared to national prevalence rates. Exploratory analyses (chi-square) examined which medical factors (i.e., cardiac diagnosis, genetic condition, prematurity, seizures, and stroke) were associated with neurodevelopmental diagnosis. There was higher prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in CHD when compared to the general population (44%). Rates of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (27.3%), autism spectrum disorder (9.6%), and intellectual disability (5.9%) were notably higher than those seen in the general population (p < .01). Children with a history of aortic obstruction were more likely to be diagnosed with autism (p < .05), and children with genetic conditions were more likely to be diagnosed with an intellectual disability (p < .05). Neurodevelopmental diagnoses were not significantly associated with any other specific medical variables (e.g., cardiac diagnosis, seizures, stroke, prematurity, and antenatal diagnosis). School-aged children were more likely to be diagnosed with any neurodevelopmental disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (31.7%; p < .01) than preschool-age children. In summary, our results confirm that children and adolescents with CHD are at high risk for neurodevelopmental disorders and require ongoing monitoring, care, and support. Children with genetic disorders and those with aortic obstruction may be more at risk for certain neurodevelopmental disorders.

与健康对照组相比，患有先心病的青少年患神经发育障碍的风险更大。病因是多因素的，但包括医学和人口因素。我们试图描述先心病患者神经发育障碍的患病率。我们的人群包括 206 名年龄在 3-21 岁之间的先心病患者，他们被转介进行神经心理学评估。神经发育诊断由持证心理学家确定。将神经发育诊断率与全国患病率进行了比较。探索性分析（卡方）检查哪些医学因素（即心脏诊断、遗传状况、早产、癫痫发作和中风）与神经发育诊断相关。与一般人群 (44%) 相比，先心病患者神经发育障碍的患病率更高。注意缺陷/多动障碍 (27.3%)、自闭症谱系障碍 (9.6%) 和智力障碍 (5.9%) 的发生率明显高于一般人群 (p < .01)。有主动脉阻塞病史的儿童更有可能被诊断为自闭症 (p < .05)，而有遗传病的儿童更有可能被诊断为智力障碍 (p < .05)。神经发育诊断与任何其他特定医学变量（例如，心脏诊断、癫痫发作、中风、早产和产前诊断）没有显着相关性。与学龄前儿童相比，学龄儿童更容易被诊断出患有任何神经发育障碍和注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (31.7%; p < .01)。总之，我们的结果证实，患有先心病的儿童和青少年患神经发育障碍的风险很高，需要持续监测、护理和支持。患有遗传性疾病和主动脉阻塞的儿童患某些神经发育障碍的风险可能更高。