Over the past few decades, wastewater generation in India has increased rapidly owing to the population boom and industrial development, while the treatment capability in India stands only at around 33%. Hence, with the aim of developing sustainable decentralised technologies at a community level, the present study was conducted to showcase the treatment of two common domestic wastewater, namely, sewage and reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate via vertical up-flow constructed wetland microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC). The proposed setup will not only aid in reducing the volumetric load on centralised systems but also can produce utilisable bioelectricity. Two CW-MFCs [CW-MFC-1 (with plants), CW-MFC-2 (without plants)] were operated to observe the wastewater treatability by analysing various physico-chemical and electrochemical parameters. The maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of CW-MFC-1 (74.29 ± 2.45%) was approximately 14–18% higher than CW-MFC-2 (65.05 ± 2.00%) because of the presence of Canna indica, which contributed towards enhanced wastewater treatment for CW-MFC-1. Hence, the incorporation of C. indica favourably assisted in ameliorating the performance of CW-MFC-1. Also, the enrichment of the nutrients by supplementing RO concentrate majorly contributed to enhancing the electrochemical performance of both the systems. Moreover, the power densities in both the systems were almost comparable, 0.38 ± 0.05 W/m³ for CW-MFC-1 and 0.33 ± 0.04 W/m³ for CW-MFC-2. Thus, the present investigation exemplifies the successful treatment of RO concentrate mixed with sewage through upflow CW-MFC, which can be further used at the household level as a decentralised wastewater treatment system.

在过去的几十年里，由于人口激增和工业发展，印度的废水产生量迅速增加，而印度的处理能力仅为 33% 左右。因此，为了在社区层面开发可持续的分散式技术，本研究旨在展示通过垂直上流式人工湿地微生物燃料电池处理两种常见的生活废水，即污水和反渗透（RO）浓缩物。 (CW-MFC)。建议的设置不仅有助于减少集中式系统的体积负载，而且还可以产生可利用的生物电。运行两个 CW-MFC [CW-MFC-1（有植物）、CW-MFC-2（无植物）]，通过分析各种物理化学和电化学参数来观察废水的可处理性。Canna indica有助于加强 CW-MFC-1 的废水处理。因此，加入籼稻有助于改善 CW-MFC-1 的性能。此外，通过补充 RO 浓缩物来富集营养物质主要有助于提高两个系统的电化学性能。此外，两个系统的功率密度几乎相当，CW-MFC-1 为 0.38 ± 0.05 W/m ³ ，CW-MFC- 2 为0.33 ± 0.04 W/m ³ 。因此，本研究举例说明了通过上流式 CW-MFC 成功处理与污水混合的 RO 浓缩液，可进一步在家庭层面用作分散式废水处理系统。