Biodiversity conservation efforts have been criticized for generating inequitable socio-economic outcomes. These equity challenges are largely analyzed as place-based problems affecting local communities directly impacted by conservation programs. The conservation of migratory species extends this problem geographically since people in one place may benefit while those in another bear the costs of conservation. The spatial subsidies approach offers an effective tool for analyzing such relationships between places connected by migratory species. Designed to quantify ecosystem services provided and received in specific locations across a migratory species’ range—and the disparities between them—the spatial subsidies approach highlights three axes of inequity: between indigenous and settler colonial societies, between urban and rural populations, and between the Global North and Global South. Recognizing these relationships is critical to achieving two mutually reinforcing policy goals: avoiding inequitable conservation outcomes in efforts to conserve migratory species, and ensuring effective long-term conservation of migratory species. In demonstrating how the spatial subsidies approach enables the identification and quantification of inequities involving three migratory species (northern pintail ducks, monarch butterflies, and Mexican free-tailed bats), we argue that a spatial subsidies approach could apply to migratory species conservation efforts worldwide under the context of “payments for ecosystem services.”

中文翻译：

---

使用生态系统服务来确定迁徙物种保护中的不公平结果

生物多样性保护工作因产生不公平的社会经济成果而受到批评。这些公平挑战在很大程度上被分析为影响受保护计划直接影响的当地社区的基于地方的问题。迁徙物种的保护在地理上扩展了这个问题，因为一个地方的人可能受益，而另一个地方的人承担保护成本。空间补贴方法提供了一种有效的工具来分析由迁徙物种连接的地方之间的这种关系。旨在量化在迁徙物种范围内的特定位置提供和接收的生态系统服务——以及它们之间的差异——空间补贴方法突出了三个不平等轴：土著和定居者殖民社会之间、城市和农村人口之间以及全球北方和全球南方。认识到这些关系对于实现两个相辅相成的政策目标至关重要：避免在保护迁徙物种的努力中出现不公平的保护结果，并确保迁徙物种的长期有效保护。