Assertion is widely regarded as an act associated with an epistemic position. To assert is to represent oneself as occupying this position and/or to be required to occupy this position. Within this approach, the most common view is that assertion is strong: the associated position is knowledge or certainty. But recent challenges to this common view present new data that are argued to be better explained by assertion being weak. Old data widely taken to support assertion being strong has also been challenged. This paper examines such challenges and finds them wanting. Far from diminishing the case for strong assertion, carefully considering new and old data reveals that assertion is as strong as ever.

断言被广泛认为是与认知立场相关的行为。断言是表示自己占据这个位置和/或被要求占据这个位置。在这种方法中，最常见的观点是断言是强的：相关的位置是知识或确定性。但最近对这一普遍观点的挑战提出了新的数据，这些数据被认为可以通过断言弱来更好地解释。广泛用于支持强断言的旧数据也受到了挑战。本文研究了这些挑战并发现它们需要。仔细考虑新旧数据并没有减少强断言的理由，而是表明断言与以往一样强大。