MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNAs consisted of 21–25 nucleotides that modulate the gene expression by binding to 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) of target messenger RNA (mRNA) at the post-transcriptional level. The miRNAs are well known to participate in various physiological processes including cellular differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and immune responses. In particular, during a viral infection, the virus regulates host miRNA expression to evade host immunity. In this study, we investigated whether viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infection affects the expression of miR-15b-5p and its target gene, suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS6) in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The relative expression of miR-15b-5p and SOCS6 was analyzed in VHSV-infected olive flounder at different time points: 1, 3, and 7 days post infection (dpi). The expression of miR-15b-5p was decreased in the infected group but that of SOCS6 was increased. These alterations in miR-15b-5p and SOCS6 expression suggest that they could be important factors regulated by VHSV during infection.

MicroRNA (miRNA) 是由 21-25 个核苷酸组成的内源性小非编码 RNA，它们通过在转录后水平与靶信使 RNA (mRNA) 的 3' 非翻译区 (3' UTR) 结合来调节基因表达。众所周知，miRNA参与各种生理过程，包括细胞分化、细胞凋亡、血管生成和免疫反应。特别是，在病毒感染期间，病毒通过调节宿主 miRNA 的表达来逃避宿主免疫。在这项研究中，我们调查了病毒性出血性败血症病毒 (VHSV) 感染是否影响橄榄鲽 ( Paralichthys olivaceus )中 miR-15b-5p 及其靶基因、细胞因子信号抑制因子 ( SOCS6 ) 的表达。miR-15b-5p与SOCS6的相对表达在不同时间点对感染 VHSV 的橄榄比目鱼进行了分析：感染后 1、3 和 7 天 (dpi)。感染组miR-15b-5p的表达降低，但SOCS6的表达​​增加。miR-15b-5p 和SOCS6表达的这些变化表明它们可能是感染期间 VHSV 调节的重要因素。