Investigation of surface urban heat island (SUHI) results from rapid urbanization and upsurge of land surface temperature (LST) has substantial socioeconomic and environmental impacts. This study investigates and simulates the impacts of rapid urbanization on LST and SUHI patterns in Sylhet City, Bangladesh, from 1995 to 2030. Landsat images and machine learning algorithms have been used to identify the urban growth, LST and UHI distribution patterns in several city directions. In addition, correlation analysis has been conducted between LST, SUHI and spectral indices (NDBI, NDBSI, NDVI, NDWI). Results suggested that urban expansion increased LST by 7 °C in summer and 6 °C in winter from 1995 to 2020. Increment has also occurred in summer high SUHI from 0.25 km² to 2.65 km². Pearson correlation demonstrated that built-up areas have a strong positive relationship with LST (0.96) and SUHI (0.911). Future simulation of urban expansion for 2025 and 2030 shows a 9 % increase, leading to a significant increase in moderate to high SUHI intensity. The study's findings can act as an effective guideline for sustainable infrastructural development and ensure environmental stability by increasing the thermal comfort level of the city.

由于快速城市化和地表温度（LST）的上升，对地表城市热岛（SUHI）的调查具有重大的社会经济和环境影响。本研究调查并模拟了 1995 年至 2030 年孟加拉国锡尔赫特市快速城市化对 LST 和 SUHI 模式的影响。陆地卫星图像和机器学习算法已被用于识别多个城市方向的城市增长、LST 和 UHI 分布模式. 此外，还对 LST、SUHI 和光谱指数（NDBI、NDBSI、NDVI、NDWI）进行了相关性分析。结果表明，从 1995 年到 2020 年，城市扩张使夏季的 LST 增加了 7 °C，冬季增加了 6 °C。夏季高 SUHI 也发生了增加，从 0.25 km ²到 2.65 km ². Pearson 相关表明，建成区与 LST (0.96) 和 SUHI (0.911) 有很强的正相关关系。未来对 2025 年和 2030 年城市扩张的模拟显示增加了 9%，导致中高 SUHI 强度显着增加。该研究的结果可以作为可持续基础设施发展的有效指南，并通过提高城市的热舒适度来确保环境稳定性。