Water scarcity is an unavoidable challenge due to the rapid depletion of natural resources and environmental degradation. The main aim of the present study is to investigate the removal performance of native microalgae with bacteria as co-culture under varied conditions and to check the growth patterns of microalgae in real wastewater. This research evaluates the feasibility of utilizing real textile wastewater as a growth medium for microalgal production and wastewater treatment. Textile wastewater combines various organic and inorganic chemicals, typically consisting of dyes and nutrients. The microalgal-bacterial consortium appeared to be a promising tool for the bioremediation of real textile wastewater. In this study, a fed-batch reactor was used to treat real textile wastewaters in a 24-h cycle duration of a week. The experiment was conducted in three different stages which are single stage, two stage, and consortium to remove nutrients. The results indicated that a consortium of microalgae-bacteria provides maximum removal efficiency, i.e., 58.57% nitrate (NO₃⁻), 86.42% phosphate PO₄^3- \(\left({\mathrm{PO}}_{{4}^{3-}}\right)\), and 91.5% chemical oxygen demand (COD) with a maximum 12.88 mg/L and 1.7 g/L of chlorophyll and bacterial dry cell weight, respectively. At the same time, maximum color removal was achieved in a single stage (only algae), i.e., 41.54%. Hence, results indicated that this method treats real textile wastewater cost-effectively and produces biomass that could be utilized as a biofertilizer and energy-efficient projects.

Graphical abstract

The release of textile wastewater containing excessive contaminants is responsible for pollution in aquatic bodies. The best removal efficiencies of nitrogen, phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and color were obtained through the microalgal-bacterial consortium in batch-scale treatment.

中文翻译：

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用微藻细菌联合体对真实纺织废水进行生物修复：一种生态友好的策略

由于自然资源的迅速枯竭和环境退化，水资源短缺是一个不可避免的挑战。本研究的主要目的是研究原生微藻与细菌在不同条件下共培养的去除性能，并检查微藻在实际废水中的生长模式。本研究评估了利用真正的纺织废水作为微藻生产和废水处理的生长培养基的可行性。纺织废水结合了各种有机和无机化学物质，通常由染料和营养物质组成。微藻-细菌联合体似乎是用于生物修复真正纺织废水的有前途的工具。在这项研究中，使用补料分批反应器在一周 24 小时的循环周期内处理真正的纺织废水。实验分三个不同的阶段进行，即单阶段、两阶段和联合去除营养物质。结果表明，微藻细菌联合体提供最大的去除效率，即 58.57% 的硝酸盐（NO₃ ^- )、86.42% 磷酸盐 PO ₄ ^3- \(\left({\mathrm{PO}}_{{4}^{3-}}\right)\)和 91.5% 化学需氧量 (COD)叶绿素和细菌干细胞重量的最大值分别为 12.88 mg/L 和 1.7 g/L。同时，在单个阶段（仅藻类）中实现了最大的颜色去除，即 41.54%。因此，结果表明，该方法可以经济高效地处理实际纺织废水，并产生可用作生物肥料和节能项目的生物质。

图形概要

含有过量污染物的纺织废水的排放是造成水体污染的原因。通过微藻-细菌联合体在批量处理中获得了最佳的氮、磷、化学需氧量（COD）和颜色去除效率。