Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe respiratory disease associated with high morbidity and mortality in the clinic. In the face of limited treatment options for ARDS, extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-EVs) have recently shown promise. They regulate levels of growth factors, cytokines, and other internal therapeutic molecules. The possible therapeutic mechanisms of MSC-EVs include anti-inflammatory, cell injury repair, alveolar fluid clearance, and microbe clearance. The potent therapeutic ability and biocompatibility of MSC-EVs have enabled them as an alternative option to ameliorate ARDS. In this review, recent advances, therapeutic mechanisms, advantages and limitations, as well as improvements of using MSC-EVs to treat ARDS are summarized. This review is expected to provide a brief view of the potential applications of MSC-EVs as novel biodrugs to treat ARDS.

急性呼吸窘迫综合征 (ARDS) 是一种严重的呼吸系统疾病，在临床上具有高发病率和死亡率。面对 ARDS 有限的治疗选择，源自间充质干细胞 (MSC-EV) 的细胞外囊泡最近显示出希望。它们调节生长因子、细胞因子和其他内部治疗分子的水平。MSC-EVs可能的治疗机制包括抗炎、细胞损伤修复、肺泡液清除和微生物清除。MSC-EV 强大的治疗能力和生物相容性使其成为改善 ARDS 的替代选择。在这篇综述中，总结了使用 MSC-EV 治疗 ARDS 的最新进展、治疗机制、优势和局限性以及改进。