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Risk stratification and early detection biomarkers for precision HCC screening
Hepatology ( IF 12.9 ) Pub Date : 2022-09-09 , DOI: 10.1002/hep.32779
Yi-Te Lee 1 , Naoto Fujiwara 2 , Ju Dong Yang 3, 4, 5 , Yujin Hoshida 2
Affiliation  

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mortality remains high primarily due to late diagnosis as a consequence of failed early detection. Professional societies recommend semi-annual HCC screening in at-risk patients with chronic liver disease to increase the likelihood of curative treatment receipt and improve survival. However, recent dynamic shift of HCC etiologies from viral to metabolic liver diseases has significantly increased the potential target population for the screening, whereas annual incidence rate has become substantially lower. Thus, with the contemporary HCC etiologies, the traditional screening approach might not be practical and cost-effective. HCC screening consists of (i) definition of rational at-risk population, and subsequent (ii) repeated application of early detection tests to the population at regular intervals. The suboptimal performance of the currently available HCC screening tests highlights an urgent need for new modalities and strategies to improve early HCC detection. In this review, we overview recent developments of clinical, molecular, and imaging-based tools to address the current challenge, and discuss conceptual framework and approaches of their clinical translation and implementation. These encouraging progresses are expected to transform the current “one-size-fits-all” HCC screening into individualized precision approaches to early HCC detection and ultimately improve the poor HCC prognosis in the foreseeable future.

中文翻译:


用于精准 HCC 筛查的风险分层和早期检测生物标志物



肝细胞癌(HCC)死亡率仍然很高,主要是由于早期检测失败导致诊断较晚。专业协会建议对患有慢性肝病的高危患者每半年进行一次 HCC 筛查,以增加接受治疗的可能性并提高生存率。然而,最近 HCC 病因从病毒性肝病向代谢性肝病的动态转变显着增加了筛查的潜在目标人群,而年发病率却大幅降低。因此,鉴于当代 HCC 病因,传统的筛查方法可能不实用且不经济。 HCC 筛查包括 (i) 合理高危人群的定义,以及随后 (ii) 定期对人群重复应用早期检测测试。目前可用的 HCC 筛查测试的性能欠佳,凸显了迫切需要新的模式和策略来改善早期 HCC 检测。在这篇综述中,我们概述了临床、分子和基于成像的工具的最新发展,以应对当前的挑战,并讨论其临床转化和实施的概念框架和方法。这些令人鼓舞的进展预计将把目前“一刀切”的 HCC 筛查转变为早期 HCC 检测的个体化精准方法,并最终在可预见的未来改善 HCC 的不良预后。
更新日期:2022-09-09
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