Relativistic plasma can be formed in strong electromagnetic or gravitational fields. Such conditions exist in compact astrophysical objects, such as white dwarfs and neutron stars, as well as in accretion discs around neutron stars and black holes. Relativistic plasma may also be produced in the laboratory during interactions of ultra-intense lasers with solid targets or laser beams between themselves. The process of thermalization in relativistic plasma can be affected by quantum degeneracy, as reaction rates are either suppressed by Pauli blocking or intensified by Bose enhancement. In addition, specific quantum phenomena, such as Bose–Einstein condensation, may occur in such a plasma. In this review, the process of plasma thermalization is discussed and illustrated with several examples. The conditions for quantum condensation of photons are formulated. Similarly, the conditions for thermalization delay due to the quantum degeneracy of fermions are analyzed. Finally, the process of formation of such relativistic plasma originating from an overcritical electric field is discussed. All these results are relevant for relativistic astrophysics as well as for laboratory experiments with ultra-intense lasers.

中文翻译：

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简并电子-正电子等离子体的动力学

相对论等离子体可以在强电磁场或引力场中形成。这种情况存在于紧凑的天体物理物体中，例如白矮星和中子星，以及中子星和黑洞周围的吸积盘。在超强激光与固体目标或激光束相互作用时，实验室也可能产生相对论等离子体。相对论等离子体中的热化过程会受到量子简并性的影响，因为反应速率要么被泡利阻塞抑制，要么被玻色增强增强。此外，特定的量子现象，如玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚，可能会在这样的等离子体中发生。在这篇综述中，通过几个例子讨论和说明了等离子体热化过程。制定了光子量子凝聚的条件。类似地，分析了由于费米子的量子简并性导致的热化延迟条件。最后，讨论了这种源自过临界电场的相对论等离子体的形成过程。所有这些结果都与相对论天体物理学以及超强激光的实验室实验相关。