Proof testing is used to remove weak ceramic components from a manufactured batch in turn truncating the lower end of the strength-failure probability distribution. With proof testing, components are subjected to stresses comparable to those observed during service load histories resulting in the remaining ones having assured minimum reliabilities. The degree to which the reliability of the remaining parts is assured depends on the proof test protocol, which includes multiple variables such as stress level, realistic sampling of flaws, complex geometries, multiaxial stresses, transient loading histories, time-dependent damage due to slow crack growth and/or fatigue, and change in material behavior due to temperature and/or environmental conditions. This paper advances the early work done on proof test theory, which was limited to simple stress states, to include general stress and material states. The theory introduced in this paper takes into account practical conditions often encountered in industrial applications. This advanced proof test theory was coded into the CARES/Life code (Ceramics Analysis and Reliability Evaluation of Structures/Life). Examples are provided to demonstrate the theory.

中文翻译：

---

结构陶瓷的高级验证测试

验证测试用于从制造批次中去除脆弱的陶瓷组件，从而截断强度失效概率分布的下端。通过验证测试，组件承受的压力与在服务负载历史中观察到的压力相当，从而确保其余组件具有最低可靠性。其余部件的可靠性得到保证的程度取决于验证测试协议，其中包括多个变量，例如应力水平、缺陷的实际采样、复杂的几何形状、多轴应力、瞬态加载历史、由于缓慢的时间相关的损坏裂纹扩展和/或疲劳，以及由于温度和/或环境条件引起的材料行为变化。本文推进了在证明测试理论方面所做的早期工作，仅限于简单的应力状态，包括一般应力和材料状态。本文介绍的理论考虑了工业应用中经常遇到的实际情况。这种先进的验证测试理论被编入 CARES/Life 代码（陶瓷分析和结构/寿命可靠性评估）。提供了示例来证明该理论。