Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common life-shortening genetic diseases in Caucasians. Due to abnormal accumulation of mucus, respiratory failure caused by chronic infections is the leading cause of mortality in this patient population. The microbiology of these respiratory infections includes a distinct set of opportunistic pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia spp., Achromobacter spp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, anaerobes, nontuberculous mycobacteria, and fungi. In recent years, culture-independent methods have shown the polymicrobial nature of lung infections, and the dynamics of microbial communities. The unique environment of the CF airway predisposes to infections caused by opportunistic pathogens. In this review, we will highlight how the epidemiology and role in disease of these pathogens in CF differ from that in individuals with other medical conditions. Infectious diseases (ID) physicians should be aware of these differences and the specific characteristics of infections associated with CF.

中文翻译：

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囊性纤维化中的机会病原体：肺部感染的流行病学和发病机制。

囊性纤维化 (CF) 是白种人中最常见的缩短寿命的遗传疾病之一。由于粘液的异常积聚，慢性感染引起的呼吸衰竭是该患者群体死亡的主要原因。这些呼吸道感染的微生物学包括一组独特的机会性病原体，包括铜绿假单胞菌、伯克霍尔德菌属、无色杆菌属、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌、厌氧菌、非结核分枝杆菌和真菌。近年来，不依赖于培养的方法显示了肺部感染的多微生物性质，以及微生物群落的动态。CF 气道的独特环境易发生由机会性病原体引起的感染。在本次审查中，我们将强调这些病原体在 CF 中的流行病学和在疾病中的作用与患有其他疾病的个体有何不同。传染病 (ID) 医生应了解这些差异以及与 CF 相关的感染的具体特征。