Abstract

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have gained traction as alternative solutions for eliminating pollutants from pharmaceutical wastewater for reuse. In this research, the performance of two photo-catalysts (Commercial TiO₂ and synthesis N-doped TiO₂) were compared in terms of the degradation of amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin from an aqueous solution using a photo-catalytic batch system under solar irradiation. The influence of five operating factors is: pH (5–11), H₂O₂ concentrations (200–600) mg/L, catalyst concentrations (25–100 mg/L), Antibiotic concentration (25–100) mg/L and reaction time (30–120 min), on the oxidation of the listed above pollutants were investigated using the central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). The catalyst of N-doping TiO₂ was synthesized by sol-gel method, using the urea (CH₄N₂O) as a nitrogen source. The resulting material was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Additionally, it can be observed from the analysis of the characteristics of N-doped TiO₂ the homogenous dispersion of nitrogen molecules, small particle sizes, and energy-gap reduction, prompting a 6% increase in antibiotic degradation compared with Com. TiO₂. In the RSM analysis, the ideal conditions were found to be a pH of 5, H₂O₂ conc. of 400 mg/L, catalyst conc. of 50 mg, and antibiotics conc. of 25 mg/L for an antibiotics reduction rate of 89.31% (AMOX/Com. TiO₂/Solar), 90.2 (CFX/Com. TiO₂/Solar), 95.8% (AMOX/N-TiO₂/Solar) and 97.3% (CFX/N-TiO₂/Solar). Experimental results were in good agreement with predictions because the predicted R² matched well with the adjusted R².

摘要

高级氧化工艺 (AOP) 作为从制药废水中消除污染物以供再利用的替代解决方案，已经获得了广泛的关注。在这项研究中，比较了两种光催化剂（商业 TiO ₂和合成 N 掺杂 TiO ₂）在太阳照射下使用光催化批处理系统从水溶液中降解阿莫西林和环丙沙星的性能。五个操作因素的影响是：pH（5-11），H ₂ O ₂浓度 (200–600) mg/L、催化剂浓度 (25–100 mg/L)、抗生素浓度 (25–100) mg/L 和反应时间 (30–120 min)，对上述污染物的氧化作用分别为使用响应面法 (RSM) 的中心复合设计 (CCD) 进行研究。_{以尿素(CH 4} N ₂ O)为氮源,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了N掺杂TiO _{2催化剂。}使用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、X 射线衍射 (XRD) 和傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR) 分析所得材料。_{另外，从分析N掺杂TiO 2}的特性可以看出氮分子的均匀分散、小粒径和能隙减少，与 Com 相比，抗生素降解增加了 6%。_二氧化钛。在 RSM 分析中，发现理想的条件是 pH 值为 5、H ₂ O ₂浓度。400 mg/L，催化剂浓度。50 mg和抗生素浓。25 mg/L 的抗生素减少率为 89.31% (AMOX/Com. TiO ₂ /Solar)、90.2 (CFX/Com. TiO ₂ /Solar)、95.8% (AMOX/N-TiO ₂ /Solar) 和 97.3 %（CFX/N-TiO ₂ /太阳能）。实验结果与预测结果非常吻合，因为预测的 R ^{2与调整后的 R 2}匹配良好。