Objective To determine the net effect of different physical activity intervention components on step counts in addition to self-monitoring. Design A systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression. Data sources Five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest and Discus) were searched from inception to May 2022. The database search was complemented with backward and forward citation searches and search of the references from relevant systematic reviews. Eligibility criteria Randomised controlled trials comparing an intervention using self-monitoring (active control arm) with an intervention comprising the same treatment PLUS any additional component (intervention arm). Data extraction and synthesis The effect measures were mean differences in daily step count. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models, and effect moderators were explored using univariate and multivariate meta-regression models. Results Eighty-five studies with 12 057 participants were identified, with 75 studies included in the meta-analysis at postintervention and 24 at follow-up. At postintervention, the mean difference between the intervention and active control arms was 926 steps/day (95% CI 651 to 1201). At a follow-up, the mean difference was 413 steps/day (95% CI 210 to 615). Interventions with a prescribed goal and involving human counselling, particularly via phone/video calls, were associated with a greater mean difference in the daily step count than interventions with added print materials, websites, smartphone apps or incentives. Conclusion Physical activity interventions that combine self-monitoring with other components provide an additional modest yet sustained increase in step count compared with self-monitoring alone. Some forms of counselling, particularly remote phone/video counselling, outperformed other intervention components, such as websites and smartphone apps. PROSPERO registered number CRD42020199482.

中文翻译：

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与单独的自我监测相比，将自我监测与其他组成部分相结合的身体活动干预是否提供了额外的好处？系统回顾和荟萃分析

目的 确定除自我监测外，不同身体活动干预成分对步数的净影响。设计采用元分析和元回归的系统评价。数据来源 五个数据库（PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science、ProQuest 和 Discus）从开始到 2022 年 5 月进行了搜索。数据库搜索辅以前后引文搜索和相关系统评论中的参考文献搜索。资格标准 随机对照试验，比较使用自我监测的干预（主动控制臂）与包含相同治疗加上任何额外成分的干预（干预臂）。数据提取和综合 效果测量是每日步数的平均差异。使用随机效应模型进行荟萃分析，和效应调节剂使用单变量和多变量元回归模型进行了探索。结果 确定了涉及 12057 名参与者的 85 项研究，其中 75 项研究纳入了干预后的荟萃分析，24 项研究纳入了随访。干预后，干预组和主动控制组之间的平均差异为 926 步/天（95% CI 651 至 1201）。在随访中，平均差异为 413 步/天（95% CI 210 至 615）。与添加印刷材料、网站、智能手机应用程序或激励措施的干预相比，具有规定目标并涉及人工咨询的干预，特别是通过电话/视频通话，与每日步数的平均差异更大相关。结论 与单独的自我监测相比，将自我监测与其他组成部分相结合的身体活动干预措施可额外适度但持续地增加步数。某些形式的咨询，尤其是远程电话/视频咨询，优于其他干预措施，例如网站和智能手机应用程序。PROSPERO 注册号 CRD42020199482。