Futility is a controversial topic within surgery. This editorial defines the concept, explains the differing types of surgical futility, and discusses the ethical issues around the subject.

中文翻译：

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急诊手术无效的虚拟不确定性

无效性是外科手术中一个有争议的话题。这篇社论定义了这个概念，解释了不同类型的手术无效，并讨论了围绕该主题的伦理问题。