When performing orthopaedic clinical research, alternative study designs can be more appropriate depending on the research question, availability of data, and feasibility. The most common observational study designs in total joint arthroplasty research are cohort and cross-sectional studies. This article describes methodological considerations for different study designs with examples from the total joint arthroplasty literature. We highlight the advantages and feasibility of experimental and observational study designs using real-world examples. We illustrate how to avoid common mistakes, such as incorrect labeling of matched cohort studies as case-control studies. We further guide investigators through a step-by-step design of a case-control study. We conclude with considerations when choosing between alternative study designs. Please visit the following https://youtu.be/Zvce61cMYi8 for videos that explain the highlights of the article in practical terms.

在进行骨科临床研究时，根据研究问题、数据的可用性和可行性，替代研究设计可能更合适。全关节置换研究中最常见的观察性研究设计是队列研究和横断面研究。本文以全关节置换术文献中的例子描述了不同研究设计的方法学考虑。我们使用现实世界的例子强调实验和观察研究设计的优点和可行性。我们说明如何避免常见错误，例如将匹配队列研究错误地标记为病例对照研究。我们进一步指导研究人员逐步设计病例对照研究。我们总结了在替代研究设计之间进行选择时的考虑因素。请访问以下 https://youtu.be/Zvce61cMYi8 观看以实际方式解释本文要点的视频。