This study examined the performances of four newly developed binders in stabilising soft Finnish clay by considering both the mechanical behaviour and environmental effect (i.e., carbon footprint). Thirty-six compacted clay-binder mixtures were investigated via uniaxial compression tests, during which photogrammetric scans were performed at axial strains of 0, 1, 3, and 7.5%. The testing protocol enabled the characterisation of full-field radial deformations and fracture developments. Experimental results demonstrated that varying the amounts and types of industrial by-products used in the production of binders has substantial potential to reduce carbon footprints. In terms of radial deformations, their distributions were highly non-uniform at different heights and loading stages. Radial displacements increased continuously at axial strains smaller than 3% (corresponding to peak strength point), whereas such a continuity disappeared afterwards, and global failures appeared. Based on three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions, the observed failures were categorised into three modes: inclined shearing (IS), axial splitting (AS) and hybrid shearing-splitting (HSS). For the studied specimens, shearing was the most common mechanism leading to failure.

本研究通过考虑机械行为和环境影响（即碳足迹），检验了四种新开发的粘合剂在稳定芬兰软粘土方面的性能。通过单轴压缩试验研究了 36 种压实粘土-粘合剂混合物，在此期间，在 0、1、3 和 7.5% 的轴向应变下进行摄影测量扫描。该测试协议能够表征全场径向变形和裂缝发展。实验结果表明，改变粘合剂生产中使用的工业副产品的数量和类型具有减少碳足迹的巨大潜力。在径向变形方面，它们的分布在不同高度和加载阶段高度不均匀。当轴向应变小于 3%（对应于峰值强度点）时，径向位移持续增加，而这种连续性随后消失，出现全局失效。基于三维（3D）重建，观察到的故障分为三种模式：倾斜剪切（IS）、轴向分裂（AS）和混合剪切分裂（HSS）。对于所研究的试样，剪切是导致失效的最常见机制。