Building on Agency Theory and Job Characteristics Theory, this study examines how the autonomy of work interacts with individual proactivity and jointly enhances hotel frontline employees’ self-affirmation and performance. Using a longitudinal research design of three-wave data collection, the findings of this study suggested that the autonomy of work enhances employees’ perceived self-efficacy and sense of personal control. Although the perceived sense of control did not lead to employees’ organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs), self-efficacy can facilitate employees’ OCBs directed toward both internal and external customers. In addition, the autonomy of work’s influence on employees’ perceived self-efficacy and sense of control was stronger among employees with relatively proactive personalities. The study adds empirical evidence to Agency Theory and Job Characteristics Theory and supports the importance of autonomy at the workplace as a necessary factor to encourage employees’ OCBs.

本研究以代理理论和工作特征理论为基础，探讨工作自主性如何与个人主动性相互作用，共同提升酒店一线员工的自我肯定和绩效。使用三波数据收集的纵向研究设计，本研究的结果表明，工作的自主性增强了员工的自我效能感和个人控制感。虽然感知的控制感并没有导致员工的组织公民行为（OCBs），但自我效能感可以促进员工的OCBs针对内部和外部客户。此外，工作自主性对员工自我效能感和控制感的影响在具有相对积极主动性格的员工中更强。